The Role Of Cation And Anion Exchange Resin For The Removal Of Cod, Colour, And Nh3-n From Coffee Processing Wastewater

Coffee is the second most traded commodity after petroleum. The cultivation and production of coffee have expanded globally. However, the processing of coffee from coffee bean to drink requires a large quantity of clean water and results in a considerable volume of contaminated wastewater. The physicochemical properties analyses of coffee wastewater reveal that the coffee processing wastewater is dark brown because it contains several non-biodegradable and suspended colloidal organic particles. Therefore, it urges to treat the coffee processing wastewater before discharge into the nearest watercourse. Over the years, various technologies have been implemented to treat the coffee wastewater to mitigate standard discharge limits set by Environmental agencies. In the present study, the influence of cation and anion exchange resins was determined to remove COD, colour, and NH3-N from coffee wastewater. The experiments were conducted with varying pH, resin doses, reaction time, shaking speed and temperature. Kinetics, thermodynamics and surface modelling were employed to determine the ion-exchange resin behaviour in removing COD, colour and NH3-N from coffee wastewater. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the ion exchanges experimental conditions on maximum removal of COD, colour and NH3-N from coffee wastewater. Besides, the removal of COD, colour and NH3-N from coffee wastewater using cation and anion exchange resins was conducted using an up-flow column system. Finally, the regeneration of cation and anion exchange resins were also carried out

Sustainable synthesis of pectinolytic enzymes from citrus and Musa acuminata peels for biochemical oxygen demand and grease removal by batch protocol

Abstract In recent years, oil and grease has been identified as an emerging pollutant of concern (EPC) in wastewater stream as it can disturb the ecology and wastewater treatment process efficiency. The highest contributor to oily wastewater among domestic wastewater is from kitchen greywater. One of the alternatives to address this problem is the application of enzyme. The production of enzyme by using organic waste has gained significant attention in the recent years due to sustainable demand from it. In this study, pectinolytic enzyme was produced through simplified fermentation from discarded citrus peels that possess high lipase content. Three batches of treatment which consist of the control sample (solely wastewater), 25% (v/v) citrus enzyme + wastewater and 50% (v/v) citrus enzyme + wastewater was incubated in an incubator shaker for 10 days at 30 °C and 150 rpm. The wastewater analysis was performed at a regular interval of 48 h. The parameters monitored were pH, BOD5 and oil and grease. Laboratory work has demonstrated that 25% (v/v) pectinolytic enzyme was able to remove BOD5 and oil and grease about 10% better than 50% (v/v) pectinolytic enzyme. The percentage of removal achieved by 25% (v/v) pectinolytic enzyme was 39.83 ± 9.50 mg/L and 64.21 ± 1.12 mg/L, respectively. However, it was observed that enzyme was less effective in removing BOD5 as the solution contains organic matter that increases the total organic matter in the wastewater mixture

Assessment of groundwater quality: Physicochemical and bacteriological evidence from boreholes in Sangayan Diriya village, northeast Nigeria

The poor geology of Sangayan Diriya village has barred residents from getting access to water from the groundwater in their homes from time immemorial. This study was aimed at assessing the quality of boreholes sunk in close proximity to River Diriya wherein eight water samples were aseptically collected from the two available boreholes; borehole A (BA1, BA2, BA3 and BA4) and borehole B (BB1, BB2, BB3 and BB4). Standard procedures were employed for determining physicochemical properties, while pour plate method and most probable number (MPN) were used to estimate total viable bacterial counts and coliform count in the water collected, respectively. Results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) permissible standards. Results indicated pH, temperature, total hardness, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), sulphate, nitrate, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and nitrate conformed to regulated standards, but mean phosphate concentration (1.79 mg/L) was above WHO allowable limit. However, out of the six heavy metals estimated in the water samples, i.e., Cadmium, Iron, Copper, Arsenic, Lead and Chromium, mean Iron concentration (1.16 mg/L) and mean Arsenic concentration (0.37 mg/L) were above allowable limits. The highest total viable bacterial count (6.3 × 104 CFU/mL) was recorded in BA2. Using the MPN method, BA4 recorded the highest coliform count (14 MPN/100 mL) while BB2 recorded the lowest coliform count (7 MPN/100 mL) each above WHO allowable limit. The findings in this study indicated that the water samples did not meet regulated standards and should be subjected to suitable treatment before drinking