The price-dividend relationship in inflationary and deflationary regimes

This paper suggests that dividends do not reflect permanent earnings of corporations in periods of high inflation and deflation, and therefore the price-dividend relationship, as predicted by Gordon’s dividend-price model, breaks down. Using data for the US and the UK over the period from 1871 to 2002, nonlinear estimates support the prediction of the model

Inflation targeting and inflation persistence

This paper argues that the adoption of an inflation target reduces the persistence of inflation. We develop the theoretical literature on inflation persistence by introducing a Taylor rule for monetary policy into a model of persistence and showing that inflation targets reduce inflation persistence. We investigate changes in the time series properties of inflation in seven countries that introduced inflation targets in the late 1980s or early 1990s. We find that the persistence of inflation is greatly reduced or eliminated following the introduction of inflation targets

High-harmonic generation from arbitrarily oriented diatomic molecules including nuclear motion and field-free alignment

We present a theoretical model of high-harmonic generation from diatomic molecules. The theory includes effects of alignment as well as nuclear motion and is used to predict results for N$_2$, O$_2$, H$_2$ and D$_2$. The results show that the alignment dependence of high-harmonics is governed by the symmetry of the highest occupied molecular orbital and that the inclusion of the nuclear motion in the theoretical description generally reduces the intensity of the harmonic radiation. We compare our model with experimental results on N$_2$ and O$_2$, and obtain very good agreement.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables; legends revised on Figs. 1,3,4,6 and

Compact Toroidal Ion Trap Design and Optimization

We present the design of a new type of compact toroidal, or "halo", ion trap. Such traps may be useful for mass spectrometry, studying small Coulomb cluster rings, quantum information applications, or other quantum simulations where a ring topology is of interest. We present results from a Monte Carlo optimization of the trap design parameters using finite-element analysis simulations that minimizes higher-order anharmonic terms in the trapping pseudopotential, while maintaining complete control over ion placement at the pseudopotential node in 3D using static bias fields. These simulations are based on a practical electrode design using readily-available parts, yet can be easily scaled to any size trap with similar electrode spacings. We also derive the conditions for a crystal phase transition for two ions in the compact halo trap, the first non-trivial phase transition for Coulomb crystals in this geometry.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

Colour-singlet strangelets at finite temperature

Considering massless $u$ and $d$ quarks, and massive (150 MeV) $s$ quarks in a bag with the bag pressure constant $B^{1/4} = 145$ MeV, a colour-singlet grand canonical partition function is constructed for temperatures $T = 1-30$ MeV. Then the stability of finite size strangelets is studied minimizing the free energy as a function of the radius of the bag. The colour-singlet restriction has several profound effects when compared to colour unprojected case: (1) Now bulk energy per baryon is increased by about $250$ MeV making the strange quark matter unbound. (2) The shell structures are more pronounced (deeper). (3) Positions of the shell closure are shifted to lower $A$-values, the first deepest one occuring at $A=2$, famous $H$-particle ! (4) The shell structure at $A=2$ vanishes only at $T\sim 30$ MeV, though for higher $A$-values it happens so at $T\sim 20$ MeV.Comment: Revtex file(8 pages)+6 figures(ps files) available on request from first Autho

Planar Ion Trap Geometry for Microfabrication

We describe a novel high aspect ratio radiofrequency linear ion trap geometry that is amenable to modern microfabrication techniques. The ion trap electrode structure consists of a pair of stacked conducting cantilevers resulting in confining fields that take the form of fringe fields from parallel plate capacitors. The confining potentials are modeled both analytically and numerically. This ion trap geometry may form the basis for large scale quantum computers or parallel quadrupole mass spectrometers. PACS: 39.25.+k, 03.67.Lx, 07.75.+h, 07.10+CmComment: 14 pages, 16 figure

High-order harmonic generation from polyatomic molecules including nuclear motion and a nuclear modes analysis

We present a generic approach for treating the effect of nuclear motion in the high-order harmonic generation from polyatomic molecules. Our procedure relies on a separation of nuclear and electron dynamics where we account for the electronic part using the Lewenstein model and nuclear motion enters as a nuclear correlation function. We express the nuclear correlation function in terms of Franck-Condon factors which allows us to decompose nuclear motion into modes and identify the modes that are dominant in the high-order harmonic generation process. We show results for the isotopes CH$_4$ and CD$_4$ and thereby provide direct theoretical support for a recent experiment [Baker {\it et al.}, Science {\bf 312}, 424 (2006)] that uses high-order harmonic generation to probe the ultra-fast structural nuclear rearrangement of ionized methane.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

How to identify a Strange Star

Contrary to young neutron stars, young strange stars are not subject to the r-mode instability which slows rapidly rotating, hot neutron stars to rotation periods near 10 ms via gravitational wave emission. Young millisecond pulsars are therefore likely to be strange stars rather than neutron stars, or at least to contain significant quantities of quark matter in the interior.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Experimental Bell Inequality Violation with an Atom and a Photon

We report the measurement of a Bell inequality violation with a single atom and a single photon prepared in a probabilistic entangled state. This is the first demonstration of such a violation with particles of different species. The entanglement characterization of this hybrid system may also be useful in quantum information applications.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Dynamical evolution of the Universe in the quark-hadron phase transition and possible nugget formation

We study the dynamics of first-order phase transition in the early Universe when it was $10-50 \mu s$ old with quarks and gluons condensing into hadrons. We look at how the Universe evolved through the phase transition in small as well as large super cooling scenario, specifically exploring the formation of quark nuggets and their possible survival. The nucleation of the hadron phase introduces new distance scales in the Universe, which we estimate along with the hadron fraction, temperature, nucleation time etc. It is of interest to explore whether there is a relic signature of this transition in the form of quark nuggets which might be identified with the recently observed dark objects in our galactic halo and account for the Dark Matter in the Universe at present.Comment: LaTeX file with four postscript figure