SWEN and SD-NVP exposed HIV-infected infants diagnosed within the first six weeks of life with NVP-R.

<p>SWEN = up to six weeks of extended-dose nevirapine; SD-NVP = single-dose nevirapine; NVP-R = nevirapine resistance. P-values generated using Fisher's exact test.</p

Late breast-milk transmission of NVP-R HIV in seven mother-infant pairs.

<p>NVP-R = nevirapine resistance; WT = wild-type HIV; SWEN = up to six weeks of extended-dose of nevirapine; SD-NVP = single-dose nevirapine; n/a = not applicable.</p>*<p>G190A detected as a mixture with wild-type HIV using standard population sequencing therefore, cloning was not performed in this patient.</p

SWEN and SD-NVP exposed infants infected with HIV after six weeks of age through late-breastfeeding with NVP-R.

<p>SWEN = up to six weeks of extended-dose nevirapine; SD-NVP = single-dose nevirapine; NVP-R = nevirapine resistance. P-values generated using Fisher's exact test.</p

Infant and maternal characteristics by infant intervention.

<p>Data are number of patients (%) unless stated otherwise.</p><p>SWEN = up to six weeks of extended-dose nevirapine; SD-NVP = single-dose nevirapine; AZT = zidovudine; IQR = interquartile range.</p>*<p>All p-values generated using Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables.</p>†<p>Maternal antiretroviral therapy was started after delivery in 11 of 12 women in both groups. Genotypes in 10 of these 11 corresponding infants were obtained prior to initiation of maternal antiretroviral therapy.</p

HIV binding ELISA antibody response rates.

<p>HIV binding ELISA antibody response rates.</p

T-cell immune responses as assessed by IFN-γ secretory ELISPOT assays against ADVAX matched peptides after 1^st and 2^nd DNA vaccinations in group A and TBC-M4 matched peptides at the other time points in group A and at all the time points in group B participants are shown.

<p>Average magnitude of IFN-γ ELISPOT responses in SFC/10⁶ cells (Y-axis) at each time point, by Groups A and B volunteers (X-axis) against different antigens are represented by different colours. 7d and 14d indicate 7 and 14 days after every vaccination, respectively. Values above the bars represent the percent of volunteers with positive responses to any or at least one peptide at that visit. The black lines and the corresponding p values showed comparison between the responses in group A and group B at days 7 and 14 after the first and second MVA vaccinations.</p

Flow chart of screened and enrolled volunteers.

<p>Flow chart of screened and enrolled volunteers.</p

Spectrum of HIV-specific antibodies as determined by Western blot among Groups A and B vaccine recipients.

<p>Antigens recognized by HIV-specific antibodies as determined by HIV Western blot assay by group and visit after the last vaccination. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055831#pone-0055831-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2a</a> shows the frequency of volunteers recognizing each HIV antigen (Env: gp160, gp120 and gp41, Pol: p65, Gag: p55, p24 and p40) by the presence of bands in Western blot. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055831#pone-0055831-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2b</a> shows the distribution of the spectrum of HIV-specific antibodies (number of HIV antigens identified) by Western blot. median, inter-quartile and minimum-maximum ranges are presented in the Box-Whiskers plots.</p

Frequency of grade 1, 2 and 3 unsolicited adverse events recorded within 28 days post-vaccinations.

<p>Bars represent the maximum severity per volunteers within 28 days after either 2 vaccinations in Group A (separately for ADVAX and TBC-M4) or 3 vaccinations in Group B. Relative frequency of adverse events is plotted on the Y axis and Groups A, B vaccine or placebo recipients are plotted on the X-axis.</p

Frequency of IFN- γ ELISPOT T-cell response.

<p>na: Not Applicable, nd: not done.</p