Physical Characteristics of Adolescent Male Wrestlers in Kerala

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anthropometric and somatotype characteristics of adolescent male wrestlers in Kerala. METHODS: 32 male adolescent wrestlers were chosen for the investigation. Their mean age was 17.1 (+/- 1.3) years, height 158.1 (+/-4.91) cm and weight 66.4 (+/-4.84) kg. Anthropometric measurements included triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdomen and calf skinfolds, biceps and calf circumferences and humerus and femur breadths. The body fat percentage was calculated using the formula prescribed by Faulkner. The somatotype of the subjects was calculated by the Health and Carter method. RESULTS: The wrestlers under this study have a body fat percentage of 12.7 (+/-1.15) % and mean Lean Body Mass (LBM) of 87.3 (+/-1.35) %. Their Total Weight of Fat was 8.03 (+/- 1.01) kg and Lean Body Weight 58.9 (+/-3.41) kg. Regarding the somatotype, they fell into the somatotype category of endomorphic mesomorphs with a value of 3.5–4.9–1.6. CONCLUSION: The higher value of mesomorphy indicates that they are capable of creating greater force on the opponents and that they are suitable for a power sport like wrestling. Moreover, shorter body stature results in lower level of center of gravity which in turn may facilitate greater stability during the competition

ASSESSING THE COSTS OF MANDATORY BEVERAGE CONTAINER DEPOSIT LEGISLATION

Agricultural and Food Policy,

FIRST COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE OF OCULAR ISOLATE CARRYING BLAVIM-2 MEDIATED MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT(MDR) PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA VRFPA04 FROM INDIA AND TWO DRAFT GENOME SEQUENCE OF OCULAR ISOLATES PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA VRFPA03 AND VRFPA05 HARBORING NOVEL BLA

Objective: Ocular infections caused by Multi-Drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa are rare but increasingly identified recently. In this context, we have applied Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) based whole genome analysis on three ocular isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa to explore the drug resistance determinants and genomic level variations.Methods: Three ocular isolates namely P. aeruginosa VRFP03, VRFPA04 from two different Keratitis patients (corneal button) and VRFPA05 isolated from the intraocular specimen (Vitreous humor) collected from an endophthalmitis patient was included in this study. Phenotypically VRFPA03, VRFPA04, VRFPA05 showed resistant to a wide group of antibiotics and hence they were taken up for Ion Torrent-PGM based whole genome study.Results: Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of MDR P. aeruginosa VRFPA04 isolated from the Indian keratitis patients clinical specimen (corneal button) submitted to L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The circular chromosome of P aeruginosa VRFPA04 was published under the NCBI accession number CP008739.2. Two Draft genome sequences of MDR P. aeruginosa VRFPA03 and VRFPA05 were published under the NCBI accession number ATNK01000000.1 and AXZJ01000000.1 respectively.Conclusion: Preliminary genomic analysis on P. aeruginosa VRFPA03, VRFPA04 and VRFPA05 revealed the presence of Metallo Beta-lactamase (MBL) genes blaDim-1, blaVim-2 andblaGes-9 genes respectively. These MBL genes were concordance with a phenotypic pattern of carbapenem resistance among VRFPA03, VRFPA04 and VRFPA05 strains, respectively. We are proud to share that this is the first of its kind to report blaDIM-1 from an Indianisolate especially from an Ocular origin.Â

Spatial effects of Fano resonance in local tunneling conductivity in vicinity of impurity on semiconductor surface

We present the results of local tunneling conductivity spatial distribution detailed theoretical investigations in vicinity of impurity atom for a wide range of applied bias voltage. We observed Fano resonance in tunneling conductivity resulting from interference between resonant tunneling channel through impurity energy level and direct tunneling channel between the tunneling contact leads. We have found that interference between tunneling channels strongly modifies form of tunneling conductivity measured by the scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) depending on the distance value from the impurity.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

DRAFT GENOME SEQUENCE OF HUMAN HERPES VIRUS-4 VRF_EBV_01, AN EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS OBTAINED FROM A PEDIATRIC POST TRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER (PTLD) PATIENT

Objectives: To decode the sequence of Epstein-barr virus (EBV) genome isolated from a pediatric patient with post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).Methods: EBV culture harvested from the blood sample of a 4-year-old patient with post liver transplant lymphoproliferative disorder prior to treatment was subjected to whole genome sequencing using Illumina platform. Generated data were subjected to various quality analysis and the filtered sequences were submitted to NCBI and published under accession number KM269735-KM269744.Results: Annotation results of VRF_ EBV01 genome using Prokka tool and manual blast search infers 48 hypothetical proteins, each 3 genes coding for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 3A and 3B and each one gene coding for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigens 1, 4, 4B and DNA primase UL70 protein. Single copy of genes coding for each variant of Tegument protein BSRF1, BLRF2, BGLF2 mir-BART 1,2,3,5,7,12,15,17,20 and two copies of gene coding for primary envelopment factor BFRF1 gene was also found.Conclusion: To date, only eight EBV genome sequences have been reported worldwide and there is no genome sequence reported from India. This study is the first of its kind to report on EBV genome from a post–transplant lymphoproliferative disorder to the scientific community for the welfare of research against EBV diagnostic markers and drug discovery.Â

HIV and Cocaine Impact Glial Metabolism: Energy Sensor AMP-activated protein kinase Role in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Epigenetic Remodeling

HIV infection and cocaine use have been identified as risk factors for triggering neuronal dysfunction. In the central nervous system (CNS), energy resource and metabolic function are regulated by astroglia. Glia is the major reservoir of HIV infection and disease progression in CNS. However, the role of cocaine in accelerating HIV associated energy deficit and its impact on neuronal dysfunction has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of HIV associated neuropathogenesis in cocaine abuse and how it accelerates the energy sensor AMPKs and its subsequent effect on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), BRSKs, CDC25B/C, MAP/Tau, Wee1 and epigenetics remodeling complex SWI/SNF. Results showed that cocaine exposure during HIV infection significantly increased the level of p24, reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATP-utilization and upregulated energy sensor AMPKs, CDC25B/C, MAP/Tau and Wee1 protein expression. Increased ROS production subsequently inhibits OCR/ECAR ratio and OXPHOS, and eventually upregulate epigenetics remodeling complex SWI/SNF in CHME-5 cells. These results suggest that HIV infection induced energy deficit and metabolic dysfunction is accelerated by cocaine inducing energy sensor AMPKs, mitochondrial biogenesis and chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF activation, which may lead to neuroAIDS disease progression

EVALUATION OF A METHOD FOR DETECTION OF BOTH METALLO BETALACTAMASE (MBL) AND EFFLUX PRODUCTION USING CARBONYL CYANIDE 3-CHLOROPHENYLHYDRAZONE (CCCP)±COMBINATION METHOD AMONG PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS

Objective: To standardize a method for the differential detection of Metallo Betalactamase (MBL) production and efflux pump mechanism using Carbonyl Cyanide 3-ChloroPhenylhydrazone (CCCP) among the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from ocular specimens.Methods: A total of 110 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were plated onto Muller-Hinton agar (MHA) plate with CCCP and without CCCP. Carbapenems-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) combination disk method was performed on CCCP± plates for individual isolates and the results were compared.Results: Out of 110 clinical isolates of P aeruginosa studied, 11(10%) were tested positive for MBL Production by carbapenem-EDTA combination test/CCCP-test. In which, six isolates showed positive for both efflux and MBL production using CCCP+plate and 5 isolates showed positive only for MBL production.Conclusion: The current study standardized a method for detecting both MBL and efflux mechanism in a single plate consists of CCCP± plate containing antibiotic disk with and without EDTA. Implication of this method in routine diagnostics will help the clinicians to treat the patient with appropriate drug choice and dosage.Â

Simple model for scanning tunneling spectroscopy of noble metal surfaces with adsorbed Kondo impurities

A simple model is introduced to describe conductance measurements between a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip and a noble metal surface with adsorbed transition metal atoms which display the Kondo effect. The model assumes a realistic parameterization of the potential created by the surface and a d3z2-r2 orbital for the description of the adsorbate. Fano lineshapes associated with the Kondo resonance are found to be sensitive to details of the adsorbate-substrate interaction. For instance, bringing the adsorbate closer to the surface leads to more asymmetric lineshapes while their dependence on the tip distance is weak. We find that it is important to use a realistic surface potential, to properly include the tunnelling matrix elements to the tip and to use substrate states which are orthogonal to the adsorbate and tip states. An application of our model to Co adsorbed on Cu explains the difference in the lineshapes observed between Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces.Comment: 11 pages, 8 eps figure

STM conductance of Kondo impurities on open and structured surfaces

We study the scanning tunneling microscopy response for magnetic atoms on open and structured surfaces using Wilson's renormalization group. We observe Fano resonances associated with Kondo resonances and interference effects. For a magnetic atom in a quantum corral coupled to the confined surface states, and experimentally relevant parameters, we observe a large confinement induced effect not present in the experiments. These results suggest that the Kondo screening is dominated by the bulk electrons rather than the surface ones.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Functional evolution of quantum cylindrical waves

Kucha{\v{r}} showed that the quantum dynamics of (1 polarization) cylindrical wave solutions to vacuum general relativity is determined by that of a free axially-symmetric scalar field along arbitrary axially-symmetric foliations of a fixed flat 2+1 dimensional spacetime. We investigate if such a dynamics can be defined {\em unitarily} within the standard Fock space quantization of the scalar field. Evolution between two arbitrary slices of an arbitrary foliation of the flat spacetime can be built out of a restricted class of evolutions (and their inverses). The restricted evolution is from an initial flat slice to an arbitrary (in general, curved) slice of the flat spacetime and can be decomposed into (i) `time' evolution in which the spatial Minkowskian coordinates serve as spatial coordinates on the initial and the final slice, followed by (ii) the action of a spatial diffeomorphism of the final slice on the data obtained from (i). We show that although the functional evolution of (i) is unitarily implemented in the quantum theory, generic spatial diffeomorphisms of (ii) are not. Our results imply that a Tomanaga-Schwinger type functional evolution of quantum cylindrical waves is not a viable concept even though, remarkably, the more limited notion of functional evolution in Kucha{\v{r}}'s `half parametrized formalism' is well-defined.Comment: Replaced with published versio