1,735 research outputs found
Multi-band quantum ratchets
We investigate directed motion in non-adiabatically rocked ratchet systems
sustaining few bands below the barrier. Upon restricting the dynamics to the
lowest M bands, the total system-plus-bath Hamiltonian is mapped onto a
discrete tight-binding model containing all the information both on the intra-
and inter-well tunneling motion. A closed form for the current in the
incoherent tunneling regime is obtained. In effective single-band ratchets, no
current rectification occurs. We apply our theory to describe rectification
effects in vortex quantum ratchets devices. Current reversals upon variation of
the ac-field amplitude or frequency are predicted.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter
A New Microsporidium in Alfalfa Weevil Populations: Distribution and Characterization
A microsporidium species, not previously reported, was found infecting field populations of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica, in Illinois. The pathogen is widely distributed thoughout the state. Percent infection ranged from 1 % to 50% at different collection locations. Characteristics of the microsporidium and possible modes of transmission are presented
Cumulant Correlators from the APM
This work presents a set of new statistics, the cumulant correlators, aimed
at high precision analysis of the galaxy distribution. They form a symmetric
matrix, , related to moment correlators the same way as cumulants are
related to the moments of the distribution. They encode more information than
the usual cumulants, 's, and their extraction from data is similar to the
calculation of the two-point correlation function. Perturbation theory (PT),
its generalization, the extended perturbation theory (EPT), and the
hierarchical assumption (HA) have simple predictions for these statistics. As
an example, the factorial moment correlators measured by Szapudi, Dalton,
Efstathiou & Szalay (1996) in the APM catalog are reanalyzed using this
technique. While the previous analysis assumed hierarchical structure
constants, this method can directly investigate the validity of HA, along with
PT, and EPT. The results in agreement with previous findings indicate that, at
the small scales used for this analysis, the APM data supports HA. When all
non-linear corrections are taken into account it is a good approximation at the
20 percent level. It appears that PT, and a natural generalization of EPT for
cumulant correlators does not provide such a good fit for the APM at small
scales. Once the validity the HA is approximately established, cumulant
correlators can separate the amplitudes of different tree-types in the
hierarchy up to fifth order. As an example, the weights for the fourth order
tree topologies are calculated including all non-linear corrections.Comment: 9 pages+.ps figure, final version accepted for publication in Apj
Letter
TASS Mark IV Photometric Survey of the Northern Sky
The Amateur Sky Survey (TASS) is a loose confederation of amateur and
professional astronomers. We describe the design and construction of our Mark
IV systems, a set of wide-field telescopes with CCD cameras which take
simultaneous images in the and passbands. We explain our
observational procedures and the pipeline which processes and reduces the
images into lists of stellar positions and magnitudes. We have compiled a large
database of measurements for stars in the northern celestial hemisphere with
-band magnitudes in the range 7 < V < 13. This paper describes data taken
over the four-year period starting November, 2001. One of our results is a
catalog of repeated measurements on the Johnson-Cousins system for over 4.3
million stars.Comment: Accepted for publication in December, 2006, issue of PASP. 44 pages
including 20 figures. Patches catalog available at
http://spiff.rit.edu/tass/patches
Testing the Hubble Law with the IRAS 1.2 Jy Redshift Survey
We test and reject the claim of Segal et al. (1993) that the correlation of
redshifts and flux densities in a complete sample of IRAS galaxies favors a
quadratic redshift-distance relation over the linear Hubble law. This is done,
in effect, by treating the entire galaxy luminosity function as derived from
the 60 micron 1.2 Jy IRAS redshift survey of Fisher et al. (1995) as a distance
indicator; equivalently, we compare the flux density distribution of galaxies
as a function of redshift with predictions under different redshift-distance
cosmologies, under the assumption of a universal luminosity function. This
method does not assume a uniform distribution of galaxies in space. We find
that this test has rather weak discriminatory power, as argued by Petrosian
(1993), and the differences between models are not as stark as one might expect
a priori. Even so, we find that the Hubble law is indeed more strongly
supported by the analysis than is the quadratic redshift-distance relation. We
identify a bias in the the Segal et al. determination of the luminosity
function, which could lead one to mistakenly favor the quadratic
redshift-distance law. We also present several complementary analyses of the
density field of the sample; the galaxy density field is found to be close to
homogeneous on large scales if the Hubble law is assumed, while this is not the
case with the quadratic redshift-distance relation.Comment: 27 pages Latex (w/figures), ApJ, in press. Uses AAS macros,
postscript also available at
http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~library/preprints/pop682.ps.g
Mg II Absorber Number Density at z~0.05: Implications for Omega_DLA Evolution
An unbiased sample of 147 quasar/AGN spectra, obtained with the FOS/HST, has
been searched for intervening MgII absorbers over the redshift range 0<z<0.15.
The total redshift path searched is 18.8, with the survey being 80% complete to
a 5-sigma rest-frame equivalent width, W_r(2796), of 0.6 Ang. Main results of
this work are: [1] Four systems were found, with a mean redshift of =0.06,
yielding a redshift number density dN/dz=0.22(+0.12)(-0.09) for absorbers with
W_r(2796)>0.6 Ang. This is consistent with the value expected if these systems
do not evolve from higher redshifts (z=2.2). [2] No systems with W_r(2796)<0.6
Ang were found. It is a 2-sigma result to have a null detection of smaller
W_r(2796) systems. If this implies a turnover in the low W_r(2796) region of
the equivalent width distribution at z~0, then there is at least a 25%
reduction in the average galaxy gas cross section from z<0.2 galaxies. [3]
These systems have strong FeII absorption and are good candidates for damped
Ly-alpha absorbers DLAs (see Rao & Turnshek 2000, ApJS, 130, 1). This
translates to a redshift number density of dN/dz=0.08(+0.09)(-0.05) for DLAs at
z~0. In tandem with the data analyzed by Rao & Turnshek, these results indicate
that the redshift number density of DLAs does not evolve from z~4 to z~0. If
the HI mass function does not evolve from z~0.5 to z~0, then the cosmological
HI mass density is also deduced to not evolve from z~4 to z~0. These z~0
results for MgII absorption-selected DLAs are at odds with those based upon
21-cm emission from HI galaxies by a factor of five to six.Comment: 23 pages, 7 Figures, accepted to ApJ. Replaced version includes
additional figures and tables and substantial modifications to the tex
Superconducting Fluxon Pumps and Lenses
We study stochastic transport of fluxons in superconductors by alternating
current (AC) rectification. Our simulated system provides a fluxon pump,
"lens", or fluxon "rectifier" because the applied electrical AC is transformed
into a net DC motion of fluxons. Thermal fluctuations and the asymmetry of the
ratchet channel walls induce this "diode" effect, which can have important
applications in devices, like SQUID magnetometers, and for fluxon optics,
including convex and concave fluxon lenses. Certain features are unique to this
novel two-dimensional (2D) geometric pump, and different from the previously
studied 1D ratchets.Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, in press (1999); 4 pages, 5 .gif figures;
figures also available at http://www-personal.engin.umich.edu/~nori/ratche
A Quantitative Evaluation of the Galaxy Component of COSMOS and APM Catalogs
We have carried out an independent quantitative evaluation of the galaxy
component of the "COSMOS/UKST Southern Sky Object Catalogue" (SSC) and the
"APM/UKST J Catalogue" (APM). Using CCD observations our results corroborate
the accuracy of the photometry of both catalogs, which have an overall
dispersion of about 0.2 mag in the range 17 <= b_J <= 21.5. The SSC presents
externally calibrated galaxy magnitudes that follow a linear relation, while
the APM instrumental magnitudes of galaxies, only internally calibrated by the
use of stellar profiles, require second-order corrections. The completeness of
both catalogs in a general field falls rapidly fainter than b_J = 20.0, being
slightly better for APM. The 90% completeness level of the SSC is reached
between b_J = 19.5 and 20.0, while for APM this happens between b_J = 20.5 and
21.0. Both SSC and APM are found to be less complete in a galaxy cluster field.
Galaxies misclassified as stars in the SSC receive an incorrect magnitude
because the stellar ones take saturation into account besides using a different
calibration curve. In both cases, the misclassified galaxies show a large
diversity of colors that range from typical colors of early-types to those of
blue star-forming galaxies. A possible explanation for this effect is that it
results from the combination of low sampling resolutions with properties of the
image classifier for objects with characteristic sizes close to the
instrumental resolution. We find that the overall contamination by stars
misclassified as galaxies is < 5% to b_J = 20.5, as originally estimated for
both catalogs. Although our results come from small areas of the sky, they are
extracted from two different plates and are based on the comparison with two
independent datasets.Comment: 14 pages of text and tables, 8 figures; to be published in the
Astronomical Journal; for a single postscript version file see
ftp://danw.on.br/outgoing/caretta/caretta.p
Disorder Induced Diffusive Transport In Ratchets
The effects of quenched disorder on the overdamped motion of a driven
particle on a periodic, asymmetric potential is studied. While for the
unperturbed potential the transport is due to a regular drift, the quenched
disorder induces a significant additional chaotic ``diffusive'' motion. The
spatio-temporal evolution of the statistical ensemble is well described by a
Gaussian distribution, implying a chaotic transport in the presence of quenched
disorder.Comment: 10 pages, 4 EPS figures; submitted to Phys. Rev. Letter
The Projected Three-point Correlation Function: Theory and Observations
We report results for the angular three-point galaxy correlation function in
the APM survey and compare them with theoretical expectations. For the first
time, these measurements extend to sufficiently large scales to probe the
weakly non-linear regime. On large scales, the results are in good agreement
with the predictions of non-linear cosmological perturbation theory, for a
model with initially Gaussian fluctuations and linear power spectrum
consistent with that inferred from the APM survey. These results reinforce the
conclusion that large-scale structure is driven by non-linear gravitational
instability and that APM galaxies are relatively unbiased tracers of the mass
on large scales; they also provide stringent constraints upon models with
non-Gaussian initial conditions and strongly exclude the standard cold dark
matter model.Comment: 10 pages, latex, 2 figures, submited to ApJ Le
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