Emmanuel Ringelblum\u27s Warsaw Ghetto Archive and the Uprising of 1943

Emmanuel Ringelblum was a Jewish historian who lived in the Warsaw Ghetto during the Holocaust. At the start of 1939, Ringelblum came to a realization that the history of the Jewish nation must be recorded. Within the Ghetto, he assigned himself the task of recording as much information about the Holocaust as he could. Along with a group of archivists, Ringelblum created the Oneg Shabbat (O.S.) Archive with the intention of educating future generations about what the Nazis had done. Shortly after the completion of the archive in 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising occurred. This revolt..

Body composition and functional assessment of nutritional status in adults: a narrative review of imaging, impedance, strength and functional techniques

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: S, Smith & A. M. Madden (2016) ‘Body Composition and functional assessment of nutritional status in adults: a narrative review of imaging, impedance, strength and functional techniques’, Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 29 (6): 714-732, which has been published in final form at https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12372. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.The accurate and valid assessment of body composition is essential for the diagnostic evaluation of nutritional status, identifying relevant outcome measures, and determining the effectiveness of current and future nutritional interventions. Developments in technology and our understanding of the influences of body composition on risk and outcome will provide practitioners with new opportunities to enhance current practice and to lead future improvements in practice. This is the second of a two-part narrative review that aims to critically evaluate body composition methodology in diverse adult populations, with a primary focus on its use in the assessment and monitoring of under-nutrition. Part one focused on anthropometric variables [Madden and Smith (2016) J Hum Nutr Diet 29: 7–25] and part two focuses on the use of imaging techniques, bioelectrical impedance analysis, markers of muscle strength and functional status, with particular reference to developments relevant to practice.Peer reviewe

The observation of photon echoes from evanescently coupled rare-earth ions in a planar waveguide

We report the measurement of the inhomogeneous linewidth, homogeneous linewidth and spin state lifetime of Pr3+ ions in a novel waveguide architecture. The TeO2 slab waveguide deposited on a bulk Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal allows the 3H4 - 1D2 transition of Pr3+ ions to be probed by the optical evanescent field that extends into the substrate. The 2 GHz inhomogeneous linewidth, the optical coherence time of 70 +- 5 us, and the spin state lifetime of 9.8 +- 0.3 s indicate that the properties of ions interacting with the waveguide mode are consistent with those of bulk ions. This result establishes the foundation for large, integrated and high performance rare-earth-ion quantum systems based on a waveguide platform.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Gavin Keulks Interview 2016

WOU Honors Program director Gavin Keulks talks about how he came to work at the university in 1999 and the different positions he has held since

Word-of-Mouth Marketing in Philadelphia Theaters

In this thesis, information obtained over the course of interviews with representatives of nine Philadelphia theater companies concerning their marketing efforts, and word-of-mouth marketing in particular, is analyzed in light of the findings of researchers of word-of-mouth marketing in the for-profit sector.These interviews demonstrate that each of the nine Philadelphia theater companies has been executing various word-of-mouth techniques with varying levels of expertise and consistency. However, not all these companies are tracking their efforts; this is a result of lack of time, lack of resources, and the intrusion of other priorities. In addition, the Philadelphia theater companies in this sampling do not have sufficient awareness of their brand. Most of the companies, even in comparison with the other local Philadelphia theater companies in this nine-company sample, simply are not as remarkable as they think they are. This surely has a negative impact on their ability to utilize word- of-mouth marketing.Moving forward, some Philadelphia theaters may need to take into consideration what their competitors are doing and then redefine themselves to make themselves more remarkable. These organizations also need to be better educated on what word-of-mouth techniques are available to them, how they can use them to their advantage, the benefits of tracking their efforts, and which tracking options would best fit their organization based on time and budgetary limitations.M.S., Arts Administration -- Drexel University, 201

Associations between adverse childhood experiences, attitudes towards COVID-19 restrictions and vaccine hesitancy: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect life-course health and well-being, including risk-taking behaviour and trust. This study explored associations between ACEs and trust in health information on COVID-19, attitudes towards and compliance with COVID-19 restrictions and vaccine hesitancy. DESIGN: National cross-sectional telephone survey using a sample of landline and mobile numbers stratified by Health Board, deprivation quintile and age group. SETTING: Households in Wales during national COVID-19 restrictions (December 2020 to March 2021). PARTICIPANTS: 2285 Welsh residents aged ≥18 years. MEASURES: Nine ACEs; low trust in National Health Service (NHS) COVID-19 information; supporting removal of social distancing and mandatory face coverings; breaking COVID-19 restrictions; and vaccine hesitancy (rejection or uncertainty of vaccination). RESULTS: Increasing ACE counts were independently related to low trust in NHS COVID-19 information, feeling unfairly restricted by government and ending mandatory face coverings. High ACE counts (4+ vs 0 ACEs) were also associated with supporting removal of social distancing. Breaking COVID-19 restrictions increased with ACE count with likelihood doubling from no ACEs to 4+ ACEs. Vaccine hesitancy was threefold higher with 4+ ACEs (vs 0 ACEs) and higher in younger age groups. Thus, modelled estimates of vaccine hesitancy ranged from 3.42% with no ACEs, aged ≥70 years, to 38.06% with 4+ ACEs, aged 18–29 years. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs are common across populations of many countries. Understanding how they impact trust in health advice and uptake of medical interventions could play a critical role in the continuing response to COVID-19 and controlling future pandemics. Individuals with ACEs suffer greater health risks throughout life and may also be excluded from interventions that reduce infection risks. While pandemic responses should consider how best to reach those suffering from ACEs, longer term, better compliance with public health advice is another reason to invest in safe and secure childhoods for all children

Change management in an environment of ongoing primary health care system reform: A case study of Australian primary health care services

Introduction/Background Globally, health reforms continue to be high on the health policy agenda to respond to the increasing health care costs and managing the emerging complex health conditions. Many countries have emphasised PHC to prevent high cost of hospital care and improve population health and equity. The existing tension in PHC philosophies and complexity of PHC setting make the implementation and management of these changes more difficult. This paper presents an Australian case study of PHC restructuring and how these changes have been managed from the viewpoint of practitioners and middle managers. Methods As part of a 5-year project, we interviewed PHC practitioners and managers of services in 7 Australian PHC services. Findings Our findings revealed a policy shift away from the principles of comprehensive PHC including health promotion and action on social determinants of health to one-to-one disease management during the course of study. Analysis of the process of change shows that overall, rapid, and top-down radical reforms of policies and directions were the main characteristic of changes with minimal communication with practitioners and service managers. The study showed that services with community-controlled model of governance had more autonomy to use an emergent model of change and to maintain their comprehensive PHC services. Conclusions Change is an inevitable feature of PHC systems continually trying to respond to health care demand and cost pressures. The implementation of change in complex settings such as PHC requires appropriate change management strategies to ensure that the proposed reforms are understood, accepted, and implemented successfully

Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon, and Cyclospora Infections in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Diarrhea in Tanzania.

Cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, and cyclosporiasis were studied in four groups of Tanzanian inpatients: adults with AIDS-associated diarrhea, children with chronic diarrhea (of whom 23 of 59 were positive [+] for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), children with acute diarrhea (of whom 15 of 55 were HIV+), and HIV control children without diarrhea. Cryptosporidium was identified in specimens from 6/86 adults, 5/59 children with chronic diarrhea (3/5, HIV+), 7/55 children with acute diarrhea (0/7, HIV+), and 0/20 control children. Among children with acute diarrhea, 7/7 with cryptosporidiosis were malnourished, compared with 10/48 without cryptosporidiosis (P < .01). Enterocytozoon was identified in specimens from 3/86 adults, 2/59 children with chronic diarrhea (1 HIV+), 0/55 children with acute diarrhea, and 4/20 control children. All four controls were underweight (P < .01). Cyclospora was identified in specimens from one adult and one child with acute diarrhea (HIV-). Thus, Cryptosporidium was the most frequent and Cyclospora the least frequent pathogen identified. Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon were associated with malnutrition. Asymptomatic fecal shedding of Enterocytozoon in otherwise healthy, HIV children has not been described previously

3D Linked Subduction, Dynamic Rupture, Tsunami, and Inundation Modeling: Dynamic Effects of Supershear and Tsunami Earthquakes, Hypocenter Location, and Shallow Fault Slip

Physics-based dynamic rupture models capture the variability of earthquake slip in space and time and can account for the structural complexity inherent to subduction zones. Here we link tsunami generation, propagation, and coastal inundation with 3D earthquake dynamic rupture (DR) models initialized using a 2D seismo-thermo-mechanical geodynamic (SC) model simulating both subduction dynamics and seismic cycles. We analyze a total of 15 subduction-initialized 3D dynamic rupture-tsunami scenarios in which the tsunami source arises from the time-dependent co-seismic seafloor displacements with flat bathymetry and inundation on a linearly sloping beach. We first vary the location of the hypocenter to generate 12 distinct unilateral and bilateral propagating earthquake scenarios. Large-scale fault topography leads to localized up- or downdip propagating supershear rupture depending on hypocentral depth. Albeit dynamic earthquakes differ (rupture speed, peak slip-rate, fault slip, bimaterial effects), the effects of hypocentral depth (25–40 km) on tsunami dynamics are negligible. Lateral hypocenter variations lead to small effects such as delayed wave arrival of up to 100 s and differences in tsunami amplitude of up to 0.4 m at the coast. We next analyse inundation on a coastline with complex topo-bathymetry which increases tsunami wave amplitudes up to ≈1.5 m compared to a linearly sloping beach. Motivated by structural heterogeneity in subduction zones, we analyse a scenario with increased Poisson's ratio of ν = 0.3 which results in close to double the amount of shallow fault slip, ≈1.5 m higher vertical seafloor displacement, and a difference of up to ≈1.5 m in coastal tsunami amplitudes. Lastly, we model a dynamic rupture “tsunami earthquake” with low rupture velocity and low peak slip rates but twice as high tsunami potential energy. We triple fracture energy which again doubles the amount of shallow fault slip, but also causes a 2 m higher vertical seafloor uplift and the highest coastal tsunami amplitude (≈7.5 m) and inundation area compared to all other scenarios. Our mechanically consistent analysis for a generic megathrust setting can provide building blocks toward using physics-based dynamic rupture modeling in Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis

Cómo afrontar los retos del intercambio de datos sobre el ADN

Las barreras administrativas y éticas del intercambio de datos sobre el ADN para la identificación de los migrantes encontrados a lo largo de la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México evidencian lo necesarias que son unas soluciones a largo plazo y unos procesos sostenibles