National profile of foot orthotic provision in the United Kingdom, part 1 : practitioners and scope of practice.

Foot orthoses have been advocated in the management of a wide range of clinical foot and lower limb problems and are within the scope of podiatry, orthotic and physiotherapy practice. Previous reports into the provision of orthoses have consistently identified significant issues with services and devices, but data were never specific to foot orthoses. The aim of this first of a series of papers was to report the first ever national multi professional profile of foot orthosis provision in the United Kingdom. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from podiatrists, orthotists and physiotherapists via an online questionnaire. The topics, questions and answers were developed through a series of pilot phases. The professions were targeted through electronic and printed materials. Data were captured over a 10 month period in 2016. A total of 499 responses were included in analysis, including 357 podiatrists, 93 orthotists and 49 physiotherapists. The results reveal wide ranging practices across podiatrists, orthotists and physiotherapists, provision of orthoses through different health care departments (uni and multidisciplinary), for different health conditions (acute and chronic), and involving different types of orthoses (prefabricated and customised). Foot orthoses in the United Kingdom are provided in areas of well recognised health and rehabilitation priorities. A wide range of orthotic devices and practices are employed and different professions provide foot orthoses in different ways

Theoretical Development and Experimental Verification of a DC-AC Electronically Rectified Load-generator System Model Compatible with Common Network Analysis Software Packages

A method for modeling electronically commutated DC-AC load-rectifier-generator systems is presented. The method is based on a modified form of Park\u27s d-q-o transformation, and yields an equivalent system network which is compatible with most commonly known network analysis software packages. The method was used to develop a model for the simulation of the dynamic steady-state performance of a DC-AC system consisting of a 30 kVA, three-phase, 208 V, four-pole, 400 Hz generator feeding a rectifier-load system. The system was tested in the laboratory under various DC and combined DC-AC load conditions. The results of the simulation model reveal a dynamic steady-state performance of the load-rectifier-generator system, in very good agreement with the test results. The applicability of the method and model to other electronically controlled machine systems is discussed in the light of those results

General approaches for shear-correcting coordinate transformations in Bragg coherent diffraction imaging: Part 2

X-ray Bragg coherent diffraction imaging has been demonstrated as a powerful three-dimensional (3D) microscopy approach for the investigation of sub-micrometer-scale crystalline particles. It is based on the measurement of a series of coherent diffraction intensity patterns that are numerically inverted to retrieve an image of the spatial distribution of relative phase and amplitude of the Bragg structure factor of the scatterer. This 3D information, which is collected through an angular rotation of the sample, is necessarily obtained in a non-orthogonal frame in Fourier space that must be eventually reconciled. To deal with this, the currently favored approach (detailed in Part I) is to perform the entire inversion in conjugate non-orthogonal real and Fourier space frames, and to transform the 3D sample image into an orthogonal frame as a post-processing step for result analysis. In this article, a direct follow-up of Part I, we demonstrate two different transformation strategies that enable the entire inversion procedure of the measured data set to be performed in an orthogonal frame. The new approaches described here build mathematical and numerical frameworks that apply to the cases of evenly and non-evenly sampled data along the direction of sample rotation (the rocking curve). The value of these methods is that they rely on and incorporate significantly more information about the experimental geometry into the design of the phase retrieval Fourier transformation than the strategy presented in Part I. Two important outcomes are 1) that the resulting sample image is correctly interpreted in a shear-free frame, and 2) physically realistic constraints of BCDI phase retrieval that are difficult to implement with current methods are easily incorporated. Computing scripts are also given to aid readers in the implementation of the proposed formalisms

Generation of an integration-free iPSC line (CSCRi005-A) from erythroid progenitor cells of a healthy Indian male individual

Reprogramming of somatic cells with higher genome integrity, and use of non-integrating gene delivery methods and xeno-free cell culture conditions aid in the generation of iPSCs which are more suitable for disease modelling and clinical applications. We describe here an iPSC line generated using such conditions, which expressed all the pluripotency markers, retained normal karyotype and exhibited the potential for tri-lineage differentiation, both in-vitro and in-vivo. This is the first iPSC line available from a healthy Indian individual for researchers

Multimodal X-ray imaging of grain-level properties and performance in a polycrystalline solar cell

The factors limiting the performance of alternative polycrystalline solar cells as compared with their single-crystal counterparts are not fully understood, but are thought to originate from structural and chemical heterogeneities at various length scales. Here, it is demonstrated that multimodal focused nanobeam X-ray microscopy can be used to reveal multiple aspects of the problem in a single measurement by mapping chemical makeup, lattice structure and charge collection efficiency simultaneously in a working solar cell. This approach was applied to micrometre-sized individual grains in a Cu(In,Ga)Se$_2$ polycrystalline film packaged in a working device. It was found that, near grain boundaries, collection efficiency is increased, and that in these regions the lattice parameter of the material is expanded. These observations are discussed in terms of possible physical models and future experiments