Brexit outcome unlikely to satisfy anyone

https://www.bu.edu/bostonia/2016/brexit-eu-referendum/Published versio

Quantization on a torus without position operators

We formulate quantum mechanics in the two-dimensional torus without using position operators. We define an algebra with only momentum operators and shift operators and construct irreducible representation of the algebra. We show that it realizes quantum mechanics of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field. We prove that any irreducible representation of the algebra is unitary equivalent to each other. This work provides a firm foundation for the noncommutative torus theory.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX2e, the title is changed, minor corrections are made, references are added. To be published in Modern Physics Letters

Construction and Software Design for a Microcomputer Controlled pH/Ion Titrator

The construction of an automated titration device is described. The major components include an Apple II+ Microcomputer and 8-bit parallel interface. Fisher Accumet, Model 520 Digital pH/lon Meter, Gilmont Micrometer Buret of 2.5 mL capacity, Sigma stepper motor, power supply and driver to operate the buret, and a constant temperature bath of ± 0.005 °C stability. The limitations of the system are 0.001 pH/0.1 mv for the pH/ion sensing system, and 0.125 μL per step for the buret. The system as described is designed to determine equilibrium constants for metal ion-amino acid complexes. By changing the software a variety of different pH and redox titration experiments may be performed. A computer program used to operate the stepper motor driven syringe buret and record the pH from a digital pH meter is described. The program uses both Apple BASIC and assembly language. This is a closed loop operation in which the data from the pH meter is used to control the amount of reagent delivered by the buret. The results are displayed graphically as the titration proceeds. The variance of the pH readings are calculated using an assembly language subroutine and the calculations are done with zero round-off error

The discharge ability of educational loans as an undue hardship pursuant to the United States Bankruptcy Code: Legislative history of 11USC § 523 (A) (8) and analysis of interpretive Sixth Circuit precedent

As costs of post-secondary education have risen and funding has decreased, institutions of higher education have come to rely on educational loans to maintain their enrollment levels and programs. 1 Indeed, these institutions have become dependent upon federally financed educational loan programs for their economic well being.2 Although the guaranteed loans are made by private lenders, the federal government assumes liability if a student borrower dies, defaults, or seeks bankruptcy relief. 3 Because the federal government guarantees repayment of these loans, their dischargeability in bankruptcy proceedings affects all taxpayers. This paper offers an historical overview of the social milieu giving rise to the general nondischargeability of educational loans in bankruptcy proceedings, sets forth a brief legislative history of the section containing the general nondischargeability provision, and provides an analysis of Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals precedent interpreting the general nondischargeability provision.