¿La adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea está asociada con el Comportamiento Alimentario y el Apetito Emocional en Mujeres Jóvenes?

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) on eating attitudes and emotional appetite in young females aged 18-24. Methodology: A cross-sectional study (n=306) was conducted on young females. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EMAQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied. Daily food consumption was obtained from the 24-hour- food records and used to calculate the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (MAI). The researchers measured the body weight (kg) and height (cm). Results: Half of the participants (50.7%) have low adherence to the MD, moderate in 25.2%, and high in 24.2%. There is no statistical difference in MAI scores between EAT-26 groups (p>0.05). The dieting status was higher (28.2%) in the disordered eating tendencies group compared to the group without disordered eating tendencies (11.1%) (χ2 =12.490, p<0.001). The scores of the negative total scores were higher in the group with disordered eating risk (p=0.004). Conclusions: Young females’ low adherence to Mediterranean Diet might be associated with future health problems. No effect of MAI on disordered eating behavior was determined but EMAQ-negative sub and total scores were determined as a component of EAT-26. Early detection of diet quality and conditions associated with emotional eating disorders is thought to be important in preventing future health problems.Introducción: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) sobre las actitudes alimentarias y el apetito emocional en mujeres jóvenes de 18 a 24 años. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal (n=306) en mujeres jóvenes. Se aplicó un cuestionario que preguntaba sobre características demográficas, Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EMAQ) y el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). El consumo diario de alimentos se obtuvo de la encuesta de 24 horas. método de registro de alimentos, y se utiliza para calcular el Índice de Calidad de la Dieta Mediterránea (MAI). Los investigadores midieron el peso corporal (kg) y la altura (cm). Resultados: La mitad de las participantes (50,7%) tiene baja adherencia a la DM, moderada en 25,2% y alta en 24,2%. No existe diferencia estadística en el Índice de Calidad de la Dieta Mediterránea entre los grupos del EAT-26 (p>0,05). El estado de dieta fue mayor (28,2%) en el grupo de tendencias alimentarias desordenadas en comparación con el grupo sin tendencias alimentarias desordenadas (11,1%) (χ2 =12,490, p<0,001). Las puntuaciones del total negativo fueron mayores en el grupo con riesgo a trastornos alimentarios (p=0,004). Conclusiones: La baja adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea en mujeres jóvenes podría estar asociada a futuros problemas de salud. No se determinó ningún efecto de MAI sobre el comportamiento alimentario desordenado, pero se determinaron puntuaciones parciales y totales negativas de EMAQ como un componente de EAT-26. La detección temprana de la calidad de la dieta y las condiciones asociadas con los trastornos alimentarios emocionales son importante para prevenir futuros problemas de salud

Core Outcome Set for IgE ‐mediated food allergy clinical trials and observational studies of interventions: International Delphi consensus study ‘ COMFA ’

Background: IgE‐mediated food allergy (FA) is a global health concern with substantial individual and societal implications. While diverse intervention strategies have been researched, inconsistencies in reported outcomes limit evaluations of FA treatments. To streamline evaluations and promote consistent reporting, the Core Outcome Measures for Food Allergy (COMFA) initiative aimed to establish a Core Outcome Set (COS) for FA clinical trials and observational studies of interventions. Methods: The project involved a review of published clinical trials, trial protocols and qualitative literature. Outcomes found as a result of review were categorized and classified, informing a two‐round online‐modified Delphi process followed by hybrid consensus meeting to finalize the COS. Results: The literature review, taxonomy mapping and iterative discussions with diverse COMFA group yielded an initial list of 39 outcomes. The iterative online and in‐person meetings reduced the list to 13 outcomes for voting in the formal Delphi process. One more outcome was added based on participant suggestions after the first Delphi round. A total of 778 participants from 52 countries participated, with 442 participating in both Delphi rounds. No outcome met a priori criteria for inclusion, and one was excluded as a result of the Delphi. Thirteen outcomes were brought to the hybrid consensus meeting as a result of Delphi and two outcomes, ‘allergic symptoms’ and ‘quality of life’ achieved consensus for inclusion as ‘core’ outcomes. Conclusion: In addition to the mandatory reporting of adverse events for FA clinical trials or observational studies of interventions, allergic symptoms and quality of life should be measured as core outcomes. Future work by COMFA will define how best to measure these core outcomes

Effects of the 5:2 intermittent fasting diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial

Background and aimsDietary regimens are crucial in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effects of intermittent fasting (IF) have gained attention in this regard, but further research is warranted. Thus, we aimed to ascertain the overall effects of the 5:2 IF diet (5 days a week of normal food intake and 2 consecutive fasting days) in patients with NAFLD compared to a control group (usual diet).Methods and resultsA 12-week randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effects of the 5:2 IF diet on anthropometric indices, body composition, liver indices, serum lipids, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD. The IF group (n = 21) decreased body weight (86.65 ± 12.57–82.94 ± 11.60 kg), body mass index (30.42 ± 2.27–29.13 ± 1.95 kg/m2), waist circumference (103.52 ± 6.42–100.52 ± 5.64 cm), fat mass (26.64 ± 5.43–23.85 ± 5.85 kg), fibrosis (6.97 ± 1.94–5.58 ± 1.07 kPa), steatosis scores/CAP (313.09 ± 25.45–289.95 ± 22.36 dB/m), alanine aminotransferase (41.42 ± 20.98–28.38 ± 15.21 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (34.19 ± 10.88–25.95 ± 7.26 U/L), triglycerides (171.23 ± 39.88–128.04 ± 34.88 mg/dl), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (2.95 ± 0.62 −2.40 ± 0.64 mg/L), and cytokeratin-18 (1.32 ± 0.06–1.19 ± 0.05 ng/ml) values compared to the baseline and the end of the control group (n = 23)—p ≤ 0.05 were considered as significant. However, the intervention did not change the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR, and total antioxidant capacity.ConclusionAdhering to the 5:2 IF diet can reduce weight loss and related parameters (fat mass and anthropometric indicators of obesity), as well as hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes, triglycerides, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with NAFLD