Quantitative analysis of expression patterns of <i>HvCKX</i> genes.

<p>(A) <i>HvCKX1</i>, (B) <i>HvCKX9</i>, (C) <i>HvCKX4</i>, (D) <i>HvCKX5</i>, (E) <i>HvCKX11</i> expression in different tissues and organs of developing plants of two barley cultivars, Golden Promise (left side) and Scarlett (right column). Total RNA was extracted from: 1) 3-day old seedlings, 2) roots from 5-day old seedlings, 3) meristems from 5-day old seedlings, 4) leaves from 5-day old seedlings, 5) developing leaves from 3–4 week old plants, 6) fully developed leaves from 3–4 week old plants, 7) inflorescences 3–4 cm long, 8) inflorescences 6–8 cm long, 9) developing kernels 0 DAP, 10) developing kernels 7 DAP, 11) developing kernels 14 DAP. The level of expression was related to the root  = 1.00 (A) or fully developed leaves  = 1.00 (B,C,D,E).</p

Analysis of inheritance of productivity and other phenotypic traits in subsequent generations.

<p>(A) T₂, T₃ and T₄ lines silent for <i>HvCKX1</i> and (B) T₀, T₁ T₂ and T₃ lines silent for <i>HvCKX9</i>. * - significant differences at <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Phenotypes of typical and atypical <i>HvCKX9</i> silent lines.

<p>Typical silent (first left) and variant phenotype (right) of one selected atypical <i>HvCKX9</i> silent line showing long, immature kernels (A) and much bigger maturing grains (B), and not filled mature kernels (C) and only slightly bigger mature grains (D). Typical silent lines are phenotypically not distinguished from control lines.</p

An example of characteristics of segregating T₁ plants of cv. Golden Promise silent for <i>HvCKX9</i>.

<p>Bars represent relative levels of CKX activity in leaves and 7 DAP spikes, quantitative transcript level in 7 DAP spikes, and silencing coefficient. Grain yield was estimated as a percentage compared to 100% of control GP. The numbers below the columns are transgenic lines: T₀/T₁ plant. * - significant differences at <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Comparison of means of CKX enzyme activity with the plant height and grain yield in plants silent for <i>HvCKX9</i> T₁.

<p>The bold numbers are significantly different from control values (last row of data) at <i>P</i> <0.05.</p><p>Comparison of means of CKX enzyme activity with the plant height and grain yield in plants silent for <i>HvCKX9</i> T₁.</p

Sequence data of barley <i>HvCKX</i> gene family members published in NCBI databases.

a<p>- annotated by Mameaux et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0115729#pone.0115729-Mameaux1" target="_blank">[17]</a> as <i>HvCKX9</i> (99% homology to <i>HvCKX2</i>)</p><p>*- located on chromosome 3H</p><p>** - located on chromosome 2H</p>b<p>- predicted <i>HvCKX</i> gene name</p><p>NI – not identified. Analyzed genes are underlined.</p><p>Sequence data of barley <i>HvCKX</i> gene family members published in NCBI databases.</p