Nutrient deposition in bullfrog tadpole carcass

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a deposição de nutrientes na carcaça de girinos de rã‑touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) por meio de modelo não linear. Foram utilizados 2.700 girinos com peso médio inicial de 0,039 g. Ração comercial farelada com 55% de proteína bruta foi fornecida ad libitum. Os animais foram pesados e avaliados a cada dez dias para análise dos conteúdos de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, água e sais minerais. Os parâmetros do modelo Gompertz foram estimados pelo método de Gauss-Newton modificado, e as taxas de deposição (g por dia) em função do tempo foram calculadas por meio da derivada da equação. Os valores encontrados para os parâmetros da equação de Gompertz, para descrever a deposição dos nutrientes na carcaça de girinos, apresentaram interpretação biológica. A taxa máxima (t*) de deposição foi observada aos 36,2331 dias para proteína, aos 37,1420 dias para água, aos 35,2971 dias para sais minerais, e aos 41,3547 dias para gordura. O consumo de nutrientes da dieta é maior do que a taxa de deposição na carcaça dos girinos.The objective of this work was to determine nutrient deposition on the carcass of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) tadpoles using a nonlinear model. A total of 2,700 tadpoles with an average weight of 0.039 g were used. Commercial ground feed containing 55% crude protein was offered ad libitum. The animals were weighed and evaluated every ten days for analysis of crude protein, ether extract, water, and mineral salt contents. The parameters of the Gompertz model were estimated by the modified Gauss-Newton method, and the deposition rates (g per day) over time were calculated by the resulting equation. The values found for the parameters of the Gompertz equation, used to describe nutrient deposition on tadpole carcass, showed biological interpretation. Maximum deposition rate (t*) was observed on the 36.2331thday for protein, on the 37.1420th day for water, on the 35.2971th day for mineral salt, and on the 41.3547th day for fat. Nutrient intake from the diet is higher than the deposition rate on the tadpole carcass.

Morphometric Growth Characteristics and Body Composition of Fish and Amphibians

Describing animal growth through the nonlinear models allows a detailed evaluation of their behavior, besides revealing important information of the response to a particular treatment. In this chapter, the parameters of mathematical models (Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Brody) for live weight, feed and protein intakes, total and standard lengths and nutrient deposition are described systematically and comprehensively. Also the relative growth and allometric coefficients of body components in relation to body weight of fish and amphibians are described, explaining better the use of the allometric equation and classifying the growth of the body components

Congelação de células espermáticas provenientes de epidídimo de gatos domésticos contendo antioxidante no meio diluidor

This study was conducted with the objective of using the medium Botu-crio®, associated vitamin E, at different concentrations, which demonstrate effective for cryopreservation of epididymal semen obtained recovered from domestic cats. Fifty-four domestic cats were used in the experiment after undergoing elective orchiectomy and sperm obtained directly from the tail of the epididymis and vas deferens. 18 pools were made with the material of three animals each and these were divided into four experimental groups. In the control group (G0) semen was frozen with Botu-crio®. In the groups G 0.3, G 0.6 to G 0.9, the diluent was added at three concentrations of vitamina E, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mM, respectively. For each group, the fresh semen samples were initially evaluated for motility, viability, morphology and supravital and hypoosmotic test to verify minimum quality required for freezing (≥ 70 % motility and vigor ≥ 3). The same parameters were reassessed after thawing also for TBARS. In the evaluation of motility and vigor, no statistical difference was observed between the control group and the concentrations of vitamin E. In supravital tests, hyposmotic, morphological and TBARS assay, there was no significance between the different concentrations of vitamin E and the control group. It can be concluded that the three concentrations of vitamin E, antioxidant protection not offered recovered from epididymis of domestic catsEste estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de o uso do meio diluente Botu-crio associado a vitamina E, em diferentes concentrações, que se demonstrem efetivas para a criopreservação de sêmen obtido de recuperado epididimário em felinos domésticos. Cinquenta e quatro gatos domésticos foram utilizados no experimento após serem submetidos à orquiectomia eletiva e os espermatozóides obtidos diretamente da cauda e ducto deferente do epidídimo. Foram constituídos 18 “pools”, com o material de três animais cada e estes, divididos em quatro grupos experimentais. No grupo controle (G0) o sêmen foi congelado com o diluente Botu-Crio®. Nos grupos G 0,3, G 0,6 e G 0,9, ao diluente Botu-Crio® foi acrescido vitamina E em três concentrações, 0,3, 0,6 e 0,9mM, respectivamente. Para cada grupo, as amostras de sêmen fresco foram inicialmente avaliadas quanto à motilidade, vigor, morfologia supravital e teste hiposmótico, para verificar a qualidade mínima exigida para a congelação (motilidade ≥70% e vigor ≥3). Os mesmos parâmetros foram reavaliados após a descongelação também para o TBARS. Na avaliação da motilidade e vigor, não foi observado diferença estatística entre o grupo controle e as concentrações de vitamina E. Nos testes supravital, hiposmótico, morfológico e teste TBARS, também não houve significância entre as três diferentes concentrações de vitamina E e o grupo controle. Pode-se concluir que as três concentrações de vitamina E, não ofereceram proteção antioxidante ao recuperado de epidídimo de felinos doméstico

Non-linear growth models for bullfrog tadpoles

Descrever o crescimento animal em modelos não lineares permite uma avaliação criteriosa desse comportamento, além de revelar informações importantes da resposta a um determinado tratamento. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o ajuste do crescimento em peso e comprimento total de girinos de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) em quatro modelos não lineares: Gompertz, Y = A exp (-exp (-b (t-T))); Von Bertalanffy, Y = A (1 - K exp (-B t))³; Logístico, Y = A (1+ K exp (-B t))-1 e Brody, Y=A (1 - K exp (-B t)). Foram utilizados 3.240 girinos, com peso médio inicial de 0,044g e comprimento total médio de 12,79 mm, no estágio 25 de Gosner. Os critérios utilizados para selecionar o modelo que melhor descreveu a curva de crescimento foram: o quadrado médio do resíduo (QMR); o coeficiente de determinação (R²); análise gráfica dos resíduos; desvio médio absoluto dos resíduos (DMA). Os dados apresentados para peso e comprimento total não se ajustaram ao modelo de Brody, assim como o modelo de Von Bertalanffy subestimou os pesos iniciais, mostrando dificuldade de interpretação biológica, indicando que esses modelos não são apropriados para essa espécie na fase aquática. Os modelos de Gompertz e Logístico são adequados para descrever o crescimento e comprimento de girinos de rã-touro em cativeiro.Describing animal growth rate using non-linear models allows a detailed evaluation of growth behavior. Four non-linear models were used to fit weight gain and total length data of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) tadpoles, as follows: Gompertz, Y = A exp (-exp (-b (t-T))); Von Bertalanffy, Y = A (1 - K exp (-B t))³; Logistic, Y = A (1+ K exp (-B t))-1 and Brody, Y=A (1 - K exp (-B t)). We used 3,240 tadpoles, with average initial weight 0.044 g and average total length 12.79 mm, stage 25 Gosner. The measurements were conducted every ten days on 10% of the animals in every tank. The criteria used to select the model that best described the growth curve were: Residual Mean Square (RMS); determination coefficient (R²); residual graphical analysis; residual mean absolute deviation (MAD). Brody mathematical model was not a good fit for weight gain and total length, while Von Bertalanffy model underestimated tadpole initial weight, thus showing the difficulty of mathematical models to describe biological data at this growth stage. However, the Gompertz and Logistic models were considered to be an adequate fitting to describe growth rate and total length of bullfrog tadpoles in captivity.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Deposição de nutrientes na carcaça de girinos de rã-touro

The objective of this work was to determine nutrient deposition on the carcass of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) tadpoles using a nonlinear model. A total of 2,700 tadpoles with an average weight of 0.039 g were used. Commercial ground feed containing 55% crude protein was offered ad libitum. The animals were weighed and evaluated every ten days for analysis of crude protein, ether extract, water, and mineral salt contents. The parameters of the Gompertz model were estimated by the modified Gauss-Newton method, and the deposition rates (g per day) over time were calculated by the resulting equation. The values found for the parameters of the Gompertz equation, used to describe nutrient deposition on tadpole carcass, showed biological interpretation. Maximum deposition rate (t*) was observed on the 36.2331th day for protein, on the 37.1420th day for water, on the 35.2971th day for mineral salt, and on the 41.3547th day for fat. Nutrient intake from the diet is higher than the deposition rate on the tadpole carcass.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a deposição de nutrientes na carcaça de girinos de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) por meio de modelo não linear. Foram utilizados 2.700 girinos com peso médio inicial de 0,039 g. Ração comercial farelada com 55% de proteína bruta foi fornecida ad libitum. Os animais foram pesados e avaliados a cada dez dias para análise dos conteúdos de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, água e sais minerais. Os parâmetros do modelo Gompertz foram estimados pelo método de Gauss-Newton modificado, e as taxas de deposição (g por dia) em função do tempo foram calculadas por meio da derivada da equação. Os valores encontrados para os parâmetros da equação de Gompertz, para descrever a deposição dos nutrientes na carcaça de girinos, apresentaram interpretação biológica. A taxa máxima (t*) de deposição foi observada aos 36,2331 dias para proteína, aos 37,1420 dias para água, aos 35,2971 dias para sais minerais, e aos 41,3547 dias para gordura. O consumo de nutrientes da dieta é maior do que a taxa de deposição na carcaça dos girinos

Morphometric growth characteristics and body composition of bullfrog tadpoles in captivity

Feed management needs to be improved in frog farming to reduce the indirect effects of inadequate feeding and, consequently, to increase growth rates and nutrient deposition, obtaining better quality animals. The objective of this study was to establish morphometric growth curves for bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) and to determine nutrient deposition in the carcass. A total of 6,480 bullfrogs (Gosner stage 25) received an experimental diet (26.23% digestible protein and 32.68% crude protein) and a commercial diet (37.92% crude protein) ad libitum. A Gompertz model was used to describe the growth curve. Tadpoles fed the experimental diet presented higher final protein deposition. In addition, the sigmoidal curve was much more homogenous, indicating a more constant daily protein deposition rate. The Gompertz model provided an excellent fit of the data to describe the morphometric growth curve and carcass nutrient deposition of bullfrog tadpoles, showing that animals fed the experimental diet presented a better growth rate and nutrient deposition.Melhorias no manejo alimentar devem ser implementadas na ranicultura, visando diminuir os efeitos indiretos da alimentação inadequada, resultando em melhores taxas de crescimento e deposição de nutrientes, consequentemente obtendo animais de melhor qualidade. O objetivo foi estabelecer curvas de crescimento morfométrico de girinos de rã-touro e sua deposição de nutrientes na carcaça. Foram utilizados 6.480 girinos de rã-touro no estágio 25 de Gosner, alimentados com dieta experimental (26,23% PD e 32,68% PB) e comercial (37,92% PB), oferecida ad libitum. O modelo utilizado para descrever a curva de crescimento foi de Gompertz. Os girinos alimentados com a dieta experimental, além de apresentarem uma deposição protéica final maior, o modelo sigmoidal apresentou-se muito mais homogêneo, mostrando uma taxa de deposição protéica diária mais constante. O modelo de Gompertz apresentou um ótimo ajuste para descrição da curva de crescimento morfométrico e deposição de nutrientes na carcaça para girinos de rã-touro, mostrando que os girinos alimentados com a dieta experimental, apresentaram melhor taxa de crescimento e deposição de nutrientes na carcaça.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Congelação de espermatozoides epididimários de gatos utilizando o diluidor Botu-crio® após refrigeração por 24 h em contêiner de transporte de sêmen Botu-tainer®

The possibilities of using the sperm collected from the epididymis have been widely used because the fertilizing capacity sperm preservation and the possibility of using it for wild cats. But in the process of cryopreservation, some studies show a decrease in the quality of the sperm when left under cooling before frozen for some time. This study aimed to assess the quality of the epididymal sperm obtained from domestic cats after cryopreservation using a diluent based on egg yolk and glycerol (Botu-crio®), comparing the morphofunctional characteristics after cooling for 24 hours in a container of semen transport (Botu-tainer®). We use eight cats submitted to elective orchiectomy, aging from eight months, without racial determination, and good nutritional status. These sperm characteristics were: motility, vigor, concentration, membrane integrity and morphology. It has been found, after statistical analysis, that the container of semen was able to maintain sperm viability, even for 24h. We also observed a significant decrease on all parameters after frozen, consequential, probably to thermal stress that occurs in processing. However, the percentage of membrane integrity after thawing shows good employability of the Botu-crio®, which viability is possible to perform in vitro fertilization, requiring higher ratings

Pub. 42 Resection of Vaginal Neoplasms by Video-vaginoscopy in Bitches

ABSTRACT Background: Vaginal neoplasms usually represent a challenge for veterinary surgeons. Surgical resection often requires episiotomy or even laparotomy and pubic osteotomy, increasing the risk for intra and postoperative complications, such as severe pain, bleeding, wound infection or dehiscence and vaginal stenosis. Endoscopic treatment of neoplastic lesions is routinely used in human patients. However, the information about its use in small animals is sparse. Thus, the aim of the current study was to report two cases of successful vaginoscopic treatment of vaginal neoplasms in bitches. Case: A female Labrador weighing 26 kg (patient 1) and a mongrel bitch weighting 10 kg (patient 2) were attended due to vaginal bleeding. Physical examination revealed a pendunculated hard nodular mass in the caudal third of the vaginal dorsal fl oor in patient 1. In patient 2, two nodular, fi brous, infi ltrated masses of different dimension were touched on the mucosa of the caudal third of the vagina. The vaginal cytology revealed erythrocytes, cellular debris and anestrus in both cases. Given the clinical suspicion of vaginal neoplasia, the endoscopic approach by vaginoscopy was chosen in order for diagnostic investigation and surgical treatment. Under general anesthesia, a rigid 10-mm telescope with 6-mm working channel was employed for initial examination. A 10-mmHg CO2 pneumovagina was estabilished using an automatic insuffl ator. A pedunculated spherical neoplastic mass of approximately 2 cm of diameter was excised from patient 1 using a simultaneous bipolar coagulation and cut forceps, inserted through the working channel of the telescope. In patient 2, the two infi ltrated masses were resected using cup type biopsy forceps, followed by cauterization of the neoplastic underlining area with bipolar forceps, also through the working channel. The sampled specimen were sent for histopathological examination, which revealed leiomyosarcoma and fi broepithelial hyperplasia in patients 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, no other therapy was prescribed and the patients convalesced uneventfully. Discussion: The surgical procedures lasted 23 and 38 min in patients 1 and 2, respectively. Patients recovered uneventfully in the early postoperative period, with no signs of pain. The operative-telescope proved to be versatile and effective for vaginoscopic resection of neoplasms, which was effi cient for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The patients presented excellent recovery with minimally invasive surgical trauma, especially compared with conventional techniques. The majority of tumors found in the vagina of dogs are benign, mostly from smooth muscle or fi brous tissue origin (leiomyoma, fi broma and leiomyosarcoma). Surgical excision of the tumor combined with ovariohysterectomy is usually effective to prevent recurrence. After 3 months, patient 1 was submitted to clinical and laboratory tests, including a second look vaginoscopy. Vaginal endoscopic examination revealed only small area of approximately 3 mm scar on the resection site, showing no evidence of recurrence and/or metastasis. Moreover, vaginoscopy was able to avoid the need for episiotomy or laparotomy for resection of the vaginal masses. In conclusion, the resection of vaginal neoplasia by video-vaginoscopy approach was feasible, effective and minimally invasive, which can be an alternative to conventional surgical approaches

Quimioterapia neoadjuvante com vimblastina e lomustina no tratamento de um caso de mastocitoma cutâneo canino com múltiplos fatores prognósticos negativos e sobrevida superior a dois anos

The clinical and biological behavior of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors is highly variable, making the establishment of prognosis and choose of the best treatment to be instituted a challenge to veterinary oncologists. While there are many chemotherapeutic protocols outlined for treatment of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, they were evaluated by comparing heterogeneous groups, with different clinical and histopathological prognostic factors, thus making it difficult to select the best protocol to use. The intention of this report is describe the effects of a neoadjuvant protocol with vinblastine and lomustine in a case of grade III / high degree mast cell tumour in perineum, with worse prognosis, based on unfavorable clinical factors (location, tumor size, growth rate ), histopathological characteristics (degree of Patnaik and Kiupel) and immunohistochemistry (immunostaining of Ki-67, kit and P-glycoprotein ) who responded favorably to treatment and has to date a survival of 110 weeks without signs of recurrence disease.O comportamento clínico e biológico do mastocitoma cutâneo canino é bastante variável, tornando o estabelecimento do prognóstico e a escolha do melhor tratamento a ser instituí- do um desafio para os oncologistas veterinários. Embora existam inúmeros protocolos quimioterápicos descritos para o tratamento do mastocitoma cutâneo canino, os mesmos foram avaliados comparando-se grupos heterogêneos, com diferentes fatores prognósticos clínicos e histopatológicos, dificultando desta forma a escolha do melhor protocolo a ser utilizado. Pretende-se com este relato descrever os efeitos do protocolo neoadjuvante à base de vimblastina e lomustina num caso de mastocitoma grau III/ alto grau na região do períneo, de prognóstico reservado a mau, baseado nos fatores clínicos (localização, tamanho tumoral, velocidade de crescimento), características histopatológicas (grau de Patnaik e Kiupel) e imuno-histoquímica (imunomarcação de Ki-67, c-kit e glicoproteína P) desfavoráveis que respondeu favoravelmente ao tratamento instituído e apresenta até o presente momento uma sobrevida de 110 semanas sem sinais de recidiva da doença