Does Television Exposure Affect Emerging Adults' Attitudes and Assumptions About Sexual Relationships? Correlational and Experimental Confirmation

Because concern is frequently raised that TV's abundant yet stereotypical portrayals of sexual relationships may mislead young viewers, this study examined the effects of both regular viewing habits and experimental exposure on students' conceptions about sexual relationships. A multiethnic sample of 259 undergraduates aged 18–22 was assigned to view a set of clips depicting either 1 of 3 sexual stereotypes or neutral, nonsexual content. Participants then completed measures assessing their attitudes about sexual roles and relationships, their assumptions about the sexual experiences of their peers, and their regular viewing habits. Both correlational and experimental connections emerged between TV viewing and students' sexual attitudes and assumptions. More frequent and more involved viewing were repeatedly associated with students' support of the sexual stereotypes surveyed. Similarly, women exposed to clips representing a particular sexual stereotype were more likely to endorse that notion than were women exposed to nonsexual content. Finally, both experimental exposure and aspects of regular viewing significantly predicted students' sexual attitudes and assumptions, even with demographics and previous sexual experiences controlled.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45292/1/10964_2004_Article_364602.pd

Cycloalkylmethyl radicals. Part 8. A conformational study of dioxa- and dithia-cyclohexylmethyl radicals by EPR spectroscopy

The conformations of some six-membered oxygen- and sulphur-containing heterocyclic rings have been investigated by EPR spectroscopy using the methylenyl group, CH2\u2022, directly attached to a ring carbon atom as a 'spin probe'. For the 2-oxacyclohexylmethyl radical the CH2\u2022 group has a 'conformational free energy' preference for the equatorial position, -\u394G\ub0273 = 1.4 kcal mol-1, which is about twice as large as the 0.7 kcal mol-1 found previously for cyclohexylmethyl. The equatorial preference of the CH2\u2022 group is still greater in (1,3-dioxan-2-yl)methyl radicals; indeed, even with the cis-(5-tert-butyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)methyl radical the CH2\u2022 group was equatorial and the tert-butyl group axial. The CH2\u2022 group in (1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl also exhibits a strong preference for the equatorial position (\u394G\ub0 > ca. 1.5 kcal mol-1), but with cis-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl it is the methyl group which is equatorial and the CH2\u2022 group axial. These and other axial/equatorial conformational preferences and the rotational conformational preference of the plane of the CH2\u2022 group with respect to the C\u3b2-H\u3b2 bond are rationalized in terms of subtle steric factors which involve 1,3-axial/axial interactions, or lack thereof, and the variation in the lengths of C-C, C-O and C-S bonds.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Organic di-radical rechargeable battery with an ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte

We employed 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMImTFSI)-based gel polymer electrolyte (ILPE) of low viscosity to prevent the instability of the di-TEMPO organic (DTO) electrode with enhancement of the cycle ability and rate-capability. The gel polymer electrolyte was prepared by electrospinning process. The DTO//ILPE//Li cell showed high initial capacity of 80mAh g(-1) for 1 C and 68mAh g(-1) for 10 C-rate, which corresponds to 100 and 85% of theoretical capacity, respectively. The cycle ability and rate-capability were much improved by using of EMImTFSI-based gel polymer electrolyte without self-dischargeclose