5,131 research outputs found
A fully-coherent all-sky search for gravitational-waves from compact binary coalescences
We introduce a fully-coherent method for searching for gravitational wave
signals generated by the merger of black hole and/or neutron star binaries.
This extends the coherent analysis previously developed and used for targeted
gravitational wave searches to an all-sky, all-time search. We apply the search
to one month of data taken during the fifth science run of the LIGO detectors.
We demonstrate an increase in sensitivity of 25% over the coincidence search,
which is commensurate with expectations. Finally, we discuss prospects for
implementing and running a coherent search for gravitational wave signals from
binary coalescence in the advanced gravitational wave detector data.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure
The roles of resident, central and effector memory CD4 T cells in protective immunity following infection or vaccination
Immunological memory provides rapid protection to pathogens previously encountered through infection or vaccination. CD4 T cells play a central role in all adaptive immune responses. Vaccines must, therefore, activate CD4 T cells if they are to generate protective immunity. For many diseases, we do not have effective vaccines. These include HIV, tuberculosis and malaria, which are responsible for many millions of deaths each year across the globe. CD4 T cells play many different roles during the immune response coordinating the actions of many other cells. In order to harness the diverse protective effects of memory CD4 T cells we need to understand how memory CD4 T cells are generated and how they protect the host. Here we review recent findings on the location of different subsets of memory CD4 T cells that are found in peripheral tissues (tissue resident memory T cells) and in the circulation (central and effector memory T cells). We discuss the generation of these cells and the evidence that demonstrates how they provide immune protection in animal and human challenge models
The conjugalisation of reproduction in South African teenage pregnancy literature
The âconjugalisation of reproductionâ, in which childbearing is legitimated only within a marital alliance, underlies some of the pathologisation of the single, female-headed household in the pre-democracy South African teenage pregnancy literature. I utilise a poststructural feminist framework that draws on elements of Derridaâs and Foucaultâs work to analyse the conjugalisation of reproduction in South African research. The conjugalisation of reproduction relies on (1) the insidious âunwedâ signifier which interpenetrates the term âteenage pregnancyâ, allowing the scientific censure of non-marital adolescent re-production without the invocation of moralisation, and (2) the fixation of the husband-wife and parents-children axes of alliance as the main elements for the deployment of sexuality and reproduction in the form of the family. Pregnant teenagers are, in Derridean terms, undecidables: they are neither children (owing to their reproductive status) nor adults (owing to their age), but simultaneously both. Marriage is the authority that decides them, allowing them to join the ranks of adult reproductive subjects
An airborne thermal remote sensing calibration technique
A calibration technique for airborne thermal remote sensing systems without the requirement for ground truth or multiple altitude measure ments is developed and evaluated. This technique is based on vertical and offset look angles and in effect corrects for image degradation due to atmospheric effects . The results were evaluated by comparison to a multiple altitude regression technique using previously generated imagery, and by statistical methods, including an error analysis. Assuming that the multiple altitude regression technique was exact, the error on apparent temperature produced by this angular technique was 0.32C
Avoiding unseen obstacles : Subcortical vision is not sufficient to maintain normal obstacle avoidance behaviour during reaching
Acknowledgement This work was funded by the RS MacDonald Charitable Trust (awarded to C. Hesse in June 2013). T. Schenk was supported by a grant from the German Research Council (DFG â SCHE 735/3-1). The authors would like to thank Dr Stefanie Biehl for her valuable advice on lesion localisation based on the CT and MRI scans of the patients. We would also like to thank all the patients for taking part in our experiments and for giving up so much of their free time.Peer reviewedPostprin
Psycho-medical discourse in South African research on teenage pregnancy
Catriona Macleod and Kevin Durrheim apply a Foucauldian analysis to the scientific literature on teenage pregnancy
The new moral order and racism in South Africa post 11 September 2001
In this paper we argue that globalisation imposes on âdevelopingâ countries more than an economic order; they find themselves with the moral imperative to align themselves with the West against its Others, increasingly portrayed as Islamic fundamentalists. The 11 September terror attacks in the United States of America have pushed this process to a new level, with the attacks represented as no less than a barbaric attack on âcivilisationâ. Through an analysis of a newspaper article reporting on the disciplining of a Muslim woman in for wearing an Osama Bin Laden t-shirt to work in South Africa, we indicate how this moral representation of the 11 September events and the Islamic Other have unique local effects. In South Africa it creates yet more possibilities for racialising practices to continue without being framed in explicitly racial terms. We further reflect on the implications of these events, and the complex interplay of the global and the local they demonstrate, for critical psychology in South Africa
(Dis)allowances of lesbiansâ sexual identities: Lesbian identity construction in racialised, classed, familial, and institutional spaces
This article explores how lesbian identity construction is facilitated and constrained by the raced, classed, gendered, familial, and geographical spaces that women occupy. We present a narrative-discursive analysis of eight lesbiansâ stories of sexuality, told within a historically white university in South Africa. Three interpretative repertoires that emerged in the narratives are discussed. The âdisallowance of lesbian identity in particular racialised and class-based spacesâ repertoire, deployed by black lesbians only, was used to account for their de-emphasis of a lesbian identity through the invocation of a threat of danger and stereotyping. The âdisjuncture of the (heterosexual) family and lesbian identityâ repertoire emphasised how the expectation of support and care within a family does not necessarily extend to acceptance of a lesbian identity
Improved methods for detecting gravitational waves associated with short gamma-ray bursts
In the era of second generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors,
short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) will be among the most promising astrophysical
events for joint electromagnetic and gravitational wave observation. A targeted
search for gravitational wave compact binary merger signals in coincidence with
short GRBs was developed and used to analyze data from the first generation
LIGO and Virgo instruments. In this paper, we present improvements to this
search that enhance our ability to detect gravitational wave counterparts to
short GRBs. Specifically, we introduce an improved method for estimating the
gravitational wave background to obtain the event significance required to make
detections; implement a method of tiling extended sky regions, as required when
searching for signals associated to poorly localized GRBs from Fermi Gamma-ray
Burst Monitor or the InterPlanetary Network; and incorporate astrophysical
knowledge about the beaming of GRB emission to restrict the search parameter
space. We describe the implementation of these enhancements and demonstrate how
they improve the ability to observe binary merger gravitational wave signals
associated with short GRBs.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
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