Inward foreign direct investment and constitutional change in Scotland

Purpose - To undertake an analysis of the implications of potential Scottish independence for inward foreign direct investment (FDI), multinational enterprise strategies, and the local economy.<p></p> Design/methodology/approach - Takes a multidisciplinary approach drawing upon literature and evidence in the international business and management, political economy, and economic geography fields to analyze the role and impact of inward FDI in Scotland following possible Scottish independence.<p></p> Findings - Scotland continues as an attractive location for FDI, with greater diversity than hitherto. While the country’s comparative advantages in immobile natural resources provide some protection from uncertainty, weak embeddedness is a risk factor irrespective of independence. A range of transition costs of independence are identified, which could be high and of indeterminate duration, and some will be sector-specific. There are also new possibilities for tailoring of policies, and potential reindustrialization opportunities in renewable technologies. The foreign investors most vulnerable to political risks and uncertainties are those whose market scope is the rest of the UK (rUK) either as exporters or value chain integrators, in addition to the high political risk industries of energy, banking, and financial services and defence. Scottish subsidiaries’ significance within their parent MNE groups will also be a major factor in determining responses to political risks and uncertainties.<p></p> Originality/value - Specific focus upon the impact of potential independence on the foreign-owned sector as a major contributor to the Scottish economy.<p></p&gt

Snow Cover and Ground Temperatures, Garry Island, N.W.T.

Field measurements of the influence of snow on ground temperatures, at a depth of 90 cm., were carried out during 1968-73 at Garry Island, N.W.T. The results show that the ameliorating effect of snow can be expressed by a regression equation. The side slopes tend to have the highest mean annual temperatures; the flats the lowest; and the ridges intermediate. At Garry Island, where permafrost is thick, variations in snow cover are probably not reflected in the position of the bottom of permafrost. By contract, in the nearby alluvial islands of the Mackenzie Delta, where permafrost is thin, the effects of snow on the position of the lower permafrost surface are probably considerable

Deformation by Glacier-Ice at Nicholson Peninsula, N.W.T., Canada

Two excellent examples of sediments deformed by glacier ice occur on Nicholson Peninsula, Mackenzie District (Liverpool Bay, 69 54 N, 129 W). Sediments, topography and structure of the Peninsula are described. Altitudes in the hilly northern half attain 200-300 ft. above sea level, whereas those in the south rarely exceed 30 ft. The hills were formed either by glacier ice moved against a topographic obstruction, resulting in a large push moraine, or by the drag effect of ice moving over weak strata. Deformation could have occurred during the last ice advance or earlier, probably in a single period of deformation, but whether the ground was frozen at the time is not evident

Notes on the Shoreline Recession Along the Coast of the Yukon Territory

The 150-km.-long stretch of the coast between Herschel Island and the Mackenzie Delta terminates in bluffs cut into Pleistocene silts, sands, and gravels. No bedrock has yet been observed; if present, its occurrence must be very local. The coastal bluffs which are up to 50 m. high, are constantly being undermined by waves and by the melting of numerous thick tabular ground-ice sheets lying close to sea-level. As the ice sheets are found only in fine-grained sediments, coastal retreat is especially rapid long silty to clayey bluffs. Similarly rapid recession has taken place along the northern coast of Alaska and from the Mackenzie Delta east to Langton Bay. It is the purpose of this note to describe some of the geomorphological and historical evidence fo recession of the coast of the Yukon Territory. The field observations were made while the writer was carrying out studies for the Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa

The physiographical basis of human geography in Quebec

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1941. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Aklisuktuk (Growing Fast) Pingo, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Northwest Territories, Canada

Field surveys have been carried out for the 1972 to 1979 period in order to study the growth of Aklisuktuk (Growing Fast) Pingo. The field surveys show that the top of the pingo was slowly subsiding during the seven-year survey period, possibly from a slow downslope glacier-like creep of the ice-rich overburden and ice core. The name "Aklisuktuk" probably dates back at least 200 years. The rapid growth which attracted attention was from accumulation of water in a large sub-pingo water lens.Key words: Aklisuktuk Pingo, sub-pingo water lens, pingo subsidenceMots clés: Pingo Aklisuktuk, poche d'eau au-dessous du pingo, affaissement du ping

The Birth and Growth of Porsild Pingo, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, District of Mackenzie

The birth and growth of Porsild Pingo (ice-cored hill) can be taken as fairly representative of the birth and growth of the more than 2000 closed-system pingos of the western arctic coast of Canada and adjacent Alaska. Porsild Pingo, named after a distinguished arctic botanist, has grown in the bottom of a large lake that drained catastrophically about 1900. Porsild Pingo has grown up at the site of a former shallow residual pond. The "birth" probably took place between 1920 and 1930. The high pore water pressure that caused updoming of the bottom of the residual pond to give birth to Porsild Pingo came from pore water expulsion by downward and upward permafrost growth in saturated sands in a closed system. In the freeze-back period of October-November 1934, permafrost ruptured and the intrusion of water into the unfrozen part of the active layer grew a 3.7 m high frost mound photographed by Porsild in May 1935. Porsild Pingo has grown up at, or very close to, the site of the former frost mound. The growth of Porsild Pingo appears to have been fairly steady from 1935 to 1976, after which there has been a decline to 1987. The growth rate has been nearly linear with height, from zero at the periphery to a maximum at the top. The present addition of water to the pingo is about 630 cu m/y. Providing there is no major climatic change. Porsild Pingo may continue to grow for a few centuries.Key words: frost mound, intrusive ice, permafrost, pingo, PorsildMots clés: monticule de gel, glace d’intrusion, pergélisol, pingo, Porsil

Permafrost Depths, Lower Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories

Reports 1965-66 ground temperature records for seven new sites established in the lower Mackenzie valley, indicating permafrost thickness of about 350 ft for Arctic Red River, 400 ft in site 14 mi west of Fort McPherson, 350 ft or more in the south central Mackenzie Delta, and 60-100 ft at four sites in the outer Delta which are within two feet of sea level. In the distal part of the Delta, where new islands are growing, perma- frost is aggrading downwards in the saturated alluvial soils.Profondeurs du pergélisol, basse vallée du Mackenzie, T.N.-O. Au moyen de cables à thermistor installés dans des puits sismiques forés à cette fin, on a relevé les températures dans le sol pour sept sites de la basse vallée du Mackenzie, pour la période de 1965 à 1966. A partir de ces premières mesures, on estime l'épaisseur du pergélisol à environ 350 pieds (120 m) pour Arctic Red River et à 400 pieds (135 m) pour un site localisé à 14 milles (23 km) à l'ouest de Fort McPherson. Dans la partie sud-centrale du delta, zone de chenaux mouvants et de lacs en voie de comblement, l'épaisseur est de 350 pieds (120 m), ou peut-être plus. Dans la partie digitée du delta, où de nouvelles îles se forment, le pergélisol progresse en profondeur dans les matériaux, le pergélisol peut n'avoir que de 60 à 100 pieds (20 à 34 m) d'épaisseur : il devrait continuer à y progresser encore pendant plusieurs siècles

The dilemma of upland footpaths : Understanding private landowner engagement in the provision of a public good

Open Access available under the T&F Agreement Acknowledgements We would like to thank all of the land management professionals who offered their time and insight in support of this research.Peer reviewedPublisher PD