The Third Reich in exile novels: "The Seventh Cross" by Anna Seghers and "Mephisto" by Klaus Mann

My thesis is dedicated to the image of the Third Reich shown in the exilenovels "The Seventh Cross" by Anna Seghers and "Mephisto" by Klaus Mann.The Third Reich began in 1933 and lasted until 1945. The rules of Hitlerand the Nazis marked, as well all aspects of daily life, as the cultureandliterature in Germany.Many poets had to emigrate, because of the Nazi regime. However they werenot inactive. They wrote novels or gave out magazines in exile, which weredirected against Nazism. Both Anna Seghers and Klaus Mann are among thewriters who wrote novels and short stories outside of Germany, whichshowedthe truth of national socialists.Through the analysis of the works "The Seventh Cross" and "Mephisto", Iwould like to check to what extent interferes the Nazi regime in thelivesof the protagonists. In "The Seventh Cross" Anna Seghers shows thesituation in the concentration camp and depicts the struggle of a refugeeGeorge Heisler against the Nazis. It proves that you can be opposed to theNazi regime and with help of the others, often strangers are you able tooutwit the Nazis and win a victory. Klaus Mann describes in his novel"Mephisto" the career of an actor Hendrik Höfgen. The character ofHendrikshows how to make a career in the Third Reich.My thesis is dedicated to the image of the Third Reich shown in the exilenovels "The Seventh Cross" by Anna Seghers and "Mephisto" by Klaus Mann.The Third Reich began in 1933 and lasted until 1945. The rules of Hitlerand the Nazis marked, as well all aspects of daily life, as the cultureandliterature in Germany.Many poets had to emigrate, because of the Nazi regime. However they werenot inactive. They wrote novels or gave out magazines in exile, which weredirected against Nazism. Both Anna Seghers and Klaus Mann are among thewriters who wrote novels and short stories outside of Germany, whichshowedthe truth of national socialists.Through the analysis of the works "The Seventh Cross" and "Mephisto", Iwould like to check to what extent interferes the Nazi regime in thelivesof the protagonists. In "The Seventh Cross" Anna Seghers shows thesituation in the concentration camp and depicts the struggle of a refugeeGeorge Heisler against the Nazis. It proves that you can be opposed to theNazi regime and with help of the others, often strangers are you able tooutwit the Nazis and win a victory. Klaus Mann describes in his novel"Mephisto" the career of an actor Hendrik Höfgen. The character ofHendrikshows how to make a career in the Third Reich.Meine Diplomarbeit ist dem Bild des Dritten Reiches in den Exilromanen „Das siebte Kreuz“ von Anna Seghers und „Mephisto“ von Klaus Mann gewidmet. Das Dritte Reich begann im Jahre 1933 und dauerte bis zum Jahr 1945. Die Regierung von Hitler und Nationalsozialisten prägte sowohl alle Bereiche des alltäglichen Lebens, als auch die Kultur und Literatur in Deutschland. Wegen des Nazi-Regimes mussten sich viele Dichter für Emigration entscheiden, wo sie aber künstlerisch nicht untätig blieben. Sie verfassten Exilromane oder gaben Zeitschriften heraus, die gegen Nationalsozialismus gerichtet wurden. Sowohl Anna Seghers als auch Klaus Mann gehören zu den Schriftstellern, die außerhalb Deutschland Erzählungen und Romane schrieben, in denen die Wahrheit über Nationalsozialisten gezeigt wurde. Durch die Analyse der Werke „Das siebte Kreuz“ und „Mephisto“ soll überprüft werden, inwiefern das Nazi-Regime ins Leben der Protagonisten eingreift. In „Das siebte Kreuz“ zeigt Anna Seghers die Situation im Konzentrationslager und schildert den Kampf eines Flüchtlings Georg Heisler gegen die Nationalsozialisten. Sie beweist, dass man sich dem Nazi-Regime widersetzten kann, mit der Hilfe von anderen, oft auch fremden Menschen die Nationalsozialisten überlisten kann und einen Sieg erringt. Klaus Mann stellt in seinem Roman „Mephisto“ die Karriere eines Schauspielers Hendrik Höfgen dar. Mit der Gestalt von Höfgen wird gezeigt, wie man eine Karriere im Dritten Reich macht

Wpływ pokrycia włókienniczego na charakterystyki aerodynamiczne skrzydła paralotni

Defined herein are the two PA-fabrics covering a paraglider wing, with the comparative object being permeable clothing material. The material parameters of textiles are applied in numerical simulations of aerodynamic characteristics using the program ANSYS. The state variable is the pressure within the airfoil profile. The space model of a paraglider wing and plane model of its cross-section in the symmetry plane are analysed. The model was approximated by the coordinates of crucial points and smoothed by the spline-curves. The visualisation of stream filaments shows that it is advisable to cover the wing with the impermeable fabric.W pracy zdefiniowano dwie tkaniny pokrycia skrzydła paralotni wykonane z poliamidu, obiektem porównawczym był przepuszczalny materiał odzieżowy. Parametry materiałowe tekstyliów zastosowano w symulacjach numerycznych charakterystyk aerodynamicznych z wykorzystaniem programu ANSYS. Zmienną stanu było ciśnienie w profilu skrzydła. Analizie poddano przestrzenny model skrzydła paralotni i płaski model jego przekroju poprzecznego płaszczyzną symetrii. Model został przybliżony przez współrzędne punktów węzłowych i wygładzony za pomocą krzywych typu spline. Wizualizacja strug elementarnych pokazała, że celowe jest pokrywanie skrzydła tkaniną nieprzepuszczalną

Bringing Habermas to Memory Studies

In this paper, we attempt to show the fruitfulness of the theory of communicative action for memory studies. Specifically, we intend to demonstrate that concepts characteristic of the discipline, such as “history,” “memory,” and “dialogue,” reflect three types of universal validity claims: “memory” formulates claims to authenticity, “history” formulates claims to truth, and “dialogue” formulates claims to rightness. Thus, it is possible to introduce a seminal Habermasian notion of rationality that rests on validity claims. This notion can serve to integrate, enrich, and identify blind spots in memory studies. Our purpose is to demonstrate the relevance of collective memory to social cohesion (cultural reproduction, social integration, and socialization) and the public sphere (its development and atrophy, rationalization, and colonization)

Multistage Optimization of Occupational Safety for Cotton Fabric Screen Printing Press Operators

The aim of this article is to conduct an analysis leading to the optimization of industrial safety related to the use of a cotton fabric automatic screen printing press. The author’s multistage algorithm, i.e., the analysis-synthesis-minimization procedure, brings effective solutions to the issue in question. There are several risk factors at the printing press workstation and its environment, which are identified by employee surveys, scorecards and airborne samples testing. The risks are visualized by the fishbone/Ishikawa diagram. In accordance with the Fine–Kinney method, a set of 70 scorecards assessing occupational risk is applied to support the identification of critical hazards, which is next re-analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hierarchically assessed risk factors related to the use of a printing press are easy to be minimized by organizational and technical solutions which are intended to be implemented at the workplace

Experimental and Numerical Determination of Strength Characteristics Related to Paraglider Wing with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Applied Materials

The aim of paper is to determine experimentally and numerically the strength characteristics related to the paraglider wing with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of applied materials. The applied method consists in theoretical modeling supplemented by the tests of material parameters. First, the set of 10 lightweight fabrics was selected for the tests; the samples are representative for these structures. The materials were tested using the spectroscopy to determine the FTIR spectra. The samples differ in the content of certain characteristic groups. Air permeability change of the materials was determined for the different pressure drops. The air permeability of almost all the analyzed samples was close to zero with the exception of only one material. The tensile strength and elongation at the break of samples were determined on the testing machine. The paraglider samples were characterized by slightly decreased mechanical properties compared to the parachute fabrics. The material characteristics determined during the tests are the input data for the theoretical analysis. The numerical model of the paraglider wing is based on a 3D geometry from previous research, but the stress, strain, and deformation were determined using the ANSYS Structural program and the finite elements method. To determine the strength correctly, we introduce two basic values: the absolute maximal and the representative values that are the biggest repetitive values of stress, strain, and deformation. The stress value was determined by the main factors: (i) the thinner the material, the bigger the stresses that were accumulated; (ii) the stronger the material, the bigger the stresses that were accumulated. The results are similar for all materials and differ mainly by the values. The biggest stresses were observed inside the material contacting the ribs, whereas the biggest deformation and strain were in the regions between ribs, and the smallest were in the contact areas with the fixed supports. Their highest intensity was observed on the leading edge of the paraglider. We conclude that the obtained stresses were far from the breaking level for the wing