The consumption of sweets and sweetened beverages in terms of obesity occurrence on the example of children living in rural and urban environment

WSTĘP. Mamy dziś do czynienia z nieograniczonym dostępem do słodyczy oraz napojów wysokosłodzonych. Firmy zajmujące się ich produkcją nastawiają się coraz częściej na klientów szczególnie wrażliwych na reklamę, czyli na dzieci. Jednocześnie obserwuje się stały wzrost występowania nadwagi i otyłości wśród tej grupy wiekowej. Celem badań była ocena częstości spożycia słodyczy i napojów wysokosłodzonych oraz odpowiedź na pytanie, czy istnieją różnice między ich konsumpcją przez dzieci mieszkające na wsi i w mieście oraz mające prawidłową i nadmierną masę ciała. MATERIAŁ I METODY. Badaniami objęto 350 uczniów w wieku 10-12 lat z dwóch wsi oraz dwóch miast z terenu Górnego Śląska. Badanie składało się z dwóch etapów: przeprowadzenia ankiety oraz wykonania pomiarów wysokości i masy ciała, które posłużyły do wyznaczenia wskaźnika masy ciała. Do ostatecznej analizy zakwalifikowano 300 ankiet, które zostały wypełnione w całości i oddane. WYNIKI. Nadwagę rozpoznano u 22%, natomiast otyłość u 10% badanych dzieci. Przynajmniej raz dziennie słodycze spożywało około 60% dzieci, wśród nich 57% mieszkających w mieście i 61% na wsi oraz 61% z prawidłową i 54% z nadmierną masą ciała. Napoje wysokosłodzone przynajmniej raz dziennie piło 37% dzieci, w tym 29% mieszkających w mieście i 45% na wsi oraz 38% z prawidłową i 34% z nadmierną masą ciała. WNIOSKI. Wśród ankietowanych zaobserwowano nadmierną konsumpcję słodyczy i napojów wysokosłodzonych. Wyniki badań nie wykazały różnic pomiędzy częstością spożycia słodyczy przez dzieci mieszkające na wsi i w mieście, natomiast napoje wysokosłodzone częściej były spożywane przez dzieci mieszkające na wsi. Nie zaobserwowano różnic w częstości spożycia słodyczy i napojów wysokosłodzonych pomiędzy dziećmi z prawidłową i nadmierną masą ciała. Endokrynologia, Otyłość i Zaburzenia Przemiany Materii 2010, tom 6, nr 2, 78-84INTRODUCTION. Current conditions generate easier and easier, unrestricted access to sweets and highly sweetened beverages. The companies producing them are oriented on vulnerable to advertising client, that are the children. Among this age group, it’s being observed that overweight and obesity is increasing simultaneously. The intention of this research was the assessment of sweets and highly sweetened beverages frequency consumption and to find out if there are any differences between its consumption by the children living in the country and in the cities and having normal and excessive body weight. MATERIAL AND METHODS. In the research 350 students aged 10-12 from two villages and two cities at the area of Upper Silesia were involved. The research consisted on 2 phases: the survey conduction and the execution of height and body mass measurements, which were used to designate the BMI. Qualified for the final analysis 300 questionnaires that were filled in and cast. RESULTS. Overweight was diagnosed in 22%, while obesity in 10% of the children tested. At least once a day sweets consumed about 60% of children, among them 57% residing in the city and 61% in rural areas and 61% of normal and 54% of excess body weight. Highly sweetened beverages least once a day, drank 37% of children, including 29% living in urban and 45% in rural areas and 38% of normal and 34% of excess body weight. CONCLUSIONS. Extensive consumption of sweets and highly sweetened beverages was observed among the questioned children. The research didn’t reveal any differences between the frequency of sweets by the children living in rural ad urban environment, however highly sweetened beverages were drunk more often by the children living in the village. There were observed no differences between the frequency of sweets and highly sweetened beverages consumption between the children with normal and excess body weight. Endocrinology, Obesity and Metabolic Disorders 2010, vol. 6, No 2, 78-8

Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways by Leptin in Colorectal Cancer Tissue: Preliminary Results

The aim of the study was to analyse genes typing with the use of the oligonucleotide microarray technique (HG-U133A, Affymetrix) differentiating colorectal cancer tissues from tissues assessed histopathologically as healthy ones among a panel of 91 mRNA of genes encoding proteins involved in activation of cellular signal transduction pathways by leptin. Frozen tumor specimens from 11 colon cancer patients in various stages of clinical progression of the disease in an I–IV stage scale according to the TNM staging were used in molecular tests. Among the genes participating in the cascade of signal transfer in cell activated by leptin, the following ones: AKT1, STAT3, MCL1 were qualified as differentiating stage I and II and VEGFC, CCNDI the encoding genes respectively as differentiating III and IV stage neoplasm. It is necessary to extend studies of analysis of cellular signal transduction pathways by leptin in colorectal cancer initiation and transformation processes

Statins and colorectal cancer

Statins are naturally occurring compounds that inhibit the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. Through their beneficial management of the body’s lipid metabolism, they are widely used medicinal drugs employed extensively in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. In addition, many studies to date have shown the therapeutic advantages derived from using statins in conditions such as endometriosis, osteoporosis, polycystic ovary syndrome and rheumatic disease. Due to the steady increase of cancer morbidity rates, as demonstrated by epidemiological data, the putative role of statins in treating or preventing cancer has been ever more frequently investigated; including for colorectal cancer. This paper attempts to bring together current knowledge/ evidence on statin therapy targeted at the development, disease course and treatment of colorectal cancer, both in terms of epidemiological findings and clinical observations. Because of the reported link between metabolic disorders and the development of colorectal cancer, particular focus is given to the effects of statins on signalling pathways involving insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)

Statyny w raku jelita grubego

Statyny należą do związkow chemicznych pochodzenia naturalnego, wykazujących aktywność inhibicyjną wobec enzymu redukatazy 3-hydroksy-3-metylo-glutarylo-CoA. Tym samym, poprzez wywieranie korzystnego efektu na gospodarkę lipidową organizmu, należą do powszechnie stosowanych lekow w prewencji pierwotnej i wtornej chorob układu sercowo-naczyniowego. Ponadto w wielu dotychczasowych badaniach podejmowano temat korzyści terapii statynami w takich schorzeniach jak: endometrioza, osteoporoza, zespoł policystycznych jajnikow i choroby reumatyczne. Z uwagi na niekorzystne dane epidemiologiczne, wskazujące na stały wzrost zachorowalności na nowotwory złośliwe, coraz częściej podejmowane są badania na temat ewentualnej pozytywnej roli statyn w profilaktyce i leczeniu chorob onkologicznych, w tym raka jelita grubego. W prezentowanej pracy autorzy podjęli probę syntezy dotychczasowej wiedzy na temat znaczenia terapii statynami w rozwoju, przebiegu i leczeniu raka jelita grubego, z uwzględnieniem danych epidemiologicznych oraz obserwacji klinicznych. Z uwagi na udokumentowany związek występowania zaburzeń metabolicznych z rozwojem raka jelita grubego szczegolny nacisk położono na analizę udziału statyn w szlakach sygnałowych związanych z insulinopodobnymi czynnikami wzrostu

Role of Lipid Peroxidation Products, Plasma Total Antioxidant Status, and Cu-, Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Activity as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Elderly Prediabetics

The relationship between hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetes is well known, but the influence of metabolic disturbances recognized as prediabetes, in elderly patients especially, awaits for an explanation. Methods. 52 elderly persons (65 years old and older) with no acute or severe chronic disorders were assessed: waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (FAT), and arterial blood pressure. During an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) fasting (0′) and 120-minute (120′) glycemia and insulinemia were determined, and type 2 diabetics (n=6) were excluded. Subjects were tested for glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, plasma lipids, total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), and activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD-1). According to OGTT results, patients were classified as normoglycemics, (NGT, n=18) and prediabetics, (PRE, n=28). Results. Both groups did not differ with their lipids, FAT, and TBARS. PRE group had higher WC (P<0.002) and BMI (P<0.002). Lower SOD-1 activity (P<0.04) and TAS status (P<0.04) were found in PRE versus NGT group. Significance. In elderly prediabetics, SOD-1 and TAS seem to reflect the first symptoms of oxidative stress, while TBARS are later biomarkers of oxidative stress

Dietary trends among Polish women in 2011–2022—cross-sectional study of food consumption frequency among women aged 20–50 in Silesia region, Poland

BackgroundWomen’s nutrition should be different from that of men. Women have lower energy requirements than men. And the need for certain vitamins and minerals is higher in women, this applies to iron, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D and vitamin B9 (folic acid). This is related to hormonal changes including menstruation, pregnancy, breastfeeding and the onset of menopause. Through hormonal changes and the changing physiological state, women are at greater risk of anaemia, bone weakness and osteoporosis.The aim of the study was to assess changes in the dietary pattern among women from the Silesian Agglomeration in Poland between 2011 and 2022.Material and methodThe survey was conducted in 2011 (March–May 2011) and in 2022 (October–November 2022) among women living in the Silesian Agglomeration (Silesia region) in Poland aged 20–50. After consideration of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 745 women were included in the final analysis, including 437 women screened in 2011 and 308 women screened in 2022.The research tool used in this publication was a survey questionnaire consisting of 2 parts. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of demographic data. The second part of the study focused on the dietary habits of the women surveyed and the frequency of consumption of individual foods (FFQ).ResultsMore women in 2022 ate breakfast than in 2011 (77.6% vs. 63.8% p &lt; 0.001), were more likely to eat breakfast I at home (73.1% vs. 62.5%; p &lt; 0.001), were more likely to eat breakfast II (39.0% vs. 35.2%; p = 0.001), were more likely to eat breakfast II at home (28.6% vs. 19.2%; p = 0.002), and were more likely to eat lunch at work (16.6% vs. 3.4%; p &lt; 0.001). Women in 2022 were more likely to consume fast-food (p = 0.001), salty snacks (chips, crisps) (p &lt; 0.001) and sweets (p &lt; 0.001). Women in 2022 were more likely to consume whole-grain bread (p &lt; 0.001), wholemeal pasta (p &lt; 0.001), brown rice (p &lt; 0.001), oatmeal (p &lt; 0.001), buckwheat groats (p = 0.06), and bran (p &lt; 0.001) than women in 2011. They were less likely to consume white bread (p &lt; 0.0001), light pasta (p = 0.004), white rice (p = 0.008) and cornflakes (p &lt; 0.001) in 2022.Women in 2022 were significantly more likely to consume vegetables (p &lt; 0.001) than women in 2011.ConclusionEating habits in Silesia region women changed between 2011 and 2022. In 2022, women were more likely to choose cereal products considered health-promoting and rich in dietary fiber (including whole-grain bread, whole-grain pasta, oatmeal, bran) were more likely to consume vegetables, dry pulses and vegetarian dinners, and consumed less meat, cured meats, fish and dairy products. Consumption of fast-food, salty snacks (such as chips) and sweets increased

Effects of Material Constructions on Supersonic Flutter Characteristics for Composite Rectangular Plates Reinforced with Carbon Nano-structures

In this paper effects of material constructions on natural frequencies and critical aerodynamic pressures are investigated. It is assumed that the rectangular plate is made of a polymeric matrix reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets or carbon nanotubes. A general closed analytical method of solution is presented. It is demonstrated that three parameters define entirely the location of the critical flutter pressure. The influence of material properties and transverse shear effects is characterized by a set of multipliers. They can be easily adopted in design procedures

Analytical solutions of coupled functionally graded conical shells of revolution

In this article, axisymmetric deformations of coupled functionally graded conical shells are studied. The analytical solution is presented by using the complex hypergeometric and Legendre polynomial series. The presented results agree closely with reference results for isotropic conical shells of revolution. The symbolic package Mathematica commands is added to the article to help readers search for particular solutions. The detailed solutions to two problems are discussed, i.e. the shells subjected to axisymmetric pressure or to edge loadings. The influence of material property effects is characterized by a multiplier characterizing an unsymmetric shell wall construction (stiffness coupling). The results can be easily adopted in design procedures