Modeling and Design of the Communication Sensing and Control Coupled Closed-Loop Industrial System

With the advent of 5G era, factories are transitioning towards wireless networks to break free from the limitations of wired networks. In 5G-enabled factories, unmanned automatic devices such as automated guided vehicles and robotic arms complete production tasks cooperatively through the periodic control loops. In such loops, the sensing data is generated by sensors, and transmitted to the control center through uplink wireless communications. The corresponding control commands are generated and sent back to the devices through downlink wireless communications. Since wireless communications, sensing and control are tightly coupled, there are big challenges on the modeling and design of such closed-loop systems. In particular, existing theoretical tools of these functionalities have different modelings and underlying assumptions, which make it difficult for them to collaborate with each other. Therefore, in this paper, an analytical closed-loop model is proposed, where the performances and resources of communication, sensing and control are deeply related. To achieve the optimal control performance, a co-design of communication resource allocation and control method is proposed, inspired by the model predictive control algorithm. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the relationships between the resources and control performances.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, received by GlobeCom 202

ISAC-NET: Model-driven Deep Learning for Integrated Passive Sensing and Communication

Recent advances in wireless communication with the enormous demands of sensing ability have given rise to the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology, among which passive sensing plays an important role. The main challenge of passive sensing is how to achieve high sensing performance in the condition of communication demodulation errors. In this paper, we propose an ISAC network (ISAC-NET) that combines passive sensing with communication signal detection by using model-driven deep learning (DL). Dissimilar to existing passive sensing algorithms that first demodulate the transmitted symbols and then obtain passive sensing results from the demodulated symbols, ISAC-NET obtains passive sensing results and communication demodulated symbols simultaneously. Different from the data-driven DL method, we adopt the block-by-block signal processing method that divides the ISAC-NET into the passive sensing module, signal detection module and channel reconstruction module. From the simulation results, ISAC-NET obtains better communication performance than the traditional signal demodulation algorithm, which is close to OAMP-Net2. Compared to the 2D-DFT algorithm, ISAC-NET demonstrates significantly enhanced sensing performance. In summary, ISAC-NET is a promising tool for passive sensing and communication in wireless communications.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figure

Rapid fabrication of silver nanoparticle/polydopamine functionalized polyester fibers

In this paper, silver nanoparticles functionalized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers with antimicrobial activity, electrical conductivity and good coating stability are reported. Firstly, silver plated PET fibers were fabricated by rapid polydopamine (PDA) modification followed by electroless plating. Secondly, the surface morphologies and compositions of PDA modified and silver coated PET fibers were characterized by employing scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry. Finally, the antimicrobial properties and electrical conductivity of the silver plated PET fibers were investigated. The results showed that the silver coated PET fibers exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (with an antimicrobial efficiency of 100 and 99.99%, respectively), and that the antimicrobial activity was well maintained after washing. The silver coated PET fibers showed electrical resistance of 0.76 Ω per 1 cm, indicating good conductivity. It was also demonstrated that the silver layer that formed had good mechanical durability, as indicated by conductivity measurements during tensile loading and observation of the surface morphology of the fibers under various modes of deformation

Rapid evolutionary divergence of Gossypium barbadense and G. hirsutum mitochondrial genomes

Background The mitochondrial genome from upland cotton, G. hirsutum, was previously sequenced. To elucidate the evolution of mitochondrial genomic diversity within a single genus, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome from Sea Island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.). Methods Mitochondrial DNA from week-old etiolated seedlings was extracted from isolated organelles using discontinuous sucrose density gradient method. Mitochondrial genome was sequenced with Solexa using paired-end, 90 bp read. The clean reads were assembled into contigs using ABySS and finished via additional fosmid and BAC sequencing. Finally, the genome was annotated and analyzed using different softwares. Results The G. barbadense (Sea Island cotton) mitochondrial genome was fully sequenced (677,434-bp) and compared to the mitogenome of upland cotton. The G. barbadensemitochondrial DNA contains seven more genes than that of upland cotton, with a total of 40 protein coding genes (excluding possible pseudogenes), 6 rRNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes. Of these 75 genes, atp1, mttB, nad4, nad9, rrn5, rrn18, and trnD(GTC)-cp were each represented by two identical copies. A single 64 kb repeat was largely responsible for the 9 % difference in genome size between the two mtDNAs. Comparison of genome structures between the two mitochondrial genomes revealed 8 rearranged syntenic regions and several large repeats. The largest repeat was missing from the master chromosome in G. hirsutum. Both mitochondrial genomes contain a duplicated copy of rps3 (rps3-2) in conjunction with a duplication of repeated sequences. Phylogenetic and divergence considerations suggest that a 544-bp fragment of rps3 was transferred to the nuclear genome shortly after divergence of the A- and D- genome diploid cottons. Conclusion These results highlight the insights to the evolution of structural variation between Sea Island and upland cotton mitochondrial genomes

5G PRS-Based Sensing: A Sensing Reference Signal Approach for Joint Sensing and Communication System

The emerging joint sensing and communication (JSC) technology is expected to support new applications and services, such as autonomous driving and extended reality (XR), in the future wireless communication systems. Pilot (or reference) signals in wireless communications usually have good passive detection performance, strong anti-noise capability and good auto-correlation characteristics, hence they bear the potential for applying in radar sensing. In this paper, we investigate how to apply the positioning reference signal (PRS) of the 5th generation (5G) mobile communications in radar sensing. This approach has the unique benefit of compatibility with the most advanced mobile communication system available so far. Thus, the PRS can be regarded as a sensing reference signal to simultaneously realize the functions of radar sensing, communication and positioning in a convenient manner. Firstly, we propose a PRS based radar sensing scheme and analyze its range and velocity estimation performance, based on which we propose a method that improves the accuracy of velocity estimation by using multiple frames. Furthermore, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the range and velocity estimation for PRS based radar sensing and the CRLB of the range estimation for PRS based positioning are derived. Our analysis and simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of PRS over other pilot signals in radar sensing. Finally, some suggestions for the future 5G-Advanced and 6th generation (6G) frame structure design containing the sensing reference signal are derived based on our study

Combination of TRAIL and actinomycin D liposomes enhances antitumor effect in non-small cell lung cancer

The intractability of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to multimodality treatments plays a large part in its extremely poor prognosis. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising cytokine for selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells; however, many NSCLC cell lines are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The therapeutic effect can be restored by treatments combining TRAIL with chemotherapeutic agents. Actinomycin D (ActD) can sensitize NSCLC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulation of death receptor 4 (DR4) or 5 (DR5). However, the use of ActD has significant drawbacks due to the side effects that result from its nonspecific biodistribution in vivo. In addition, the short half-life of TRAIL in serum also limits the antitumor effect of treatments combining TRAIL and ActD. In this study, we designed a combination treatment of long-circulating TRAIL liposomes and ActD liposomes with the aim of resolving these problems. The combination of TRAIL liposomes and ActD liposomes had a synergistic cytotoxic effect against A-549 cells. The mechanism behind this combination treatment includes both increased expression of DR5 and caspase activation. Moreover, systemic administration of the combination of TRAIL liposomes and ActD liposomes suppressed both tumor formation and growth of established subcutaneous NSCLC xenografts in nude mice, inducing apoptosis without causing significant general toxicity. These results provide preclinical proof-of-principle for a novel therapeutic strategy in which TRAIL liposomes are safely combined with ActD liposomes

Propamidine decreas mitochondrial complex III activity of Botrytis cinerea

Propamidine, an aromatic diamidine compound, is widely used as an antimicrobial agent. To uncover its mechanism on pathogenetic fungi, Botrytis cinerea as an object was used to investigate effects of propamidine in this paper. The transmission electron microscope results showed that the mitochondrial membranes were collapsed after propamidine treatment, followed that mitochondria were disrupted. Inhibition of whole-cell and mitochondrial respiration by propamidine suggested that Propamidine is most likely an inhibitor of electron transport within Botrytis cinerea mitochondria. Furthermore, the mitochondrial complex III activity were inhibited by propamidine. [BMB reports 2010; 43(9): 614-621

Wear particles enhance autophagy through up-regulation of CD147 to promote osteoclastogenesis

Objective(s): The study aimed to uncover the underlying mechanism linking wear particles to osteoclast differentiation, and we explored the effect of titanium particles of different sizes on CD147 expression and autophagy in macrophages. Materials and Methods: Effects of titanium particles on CD147 and RANKL mRNA were detected by QPCR; protein level of CD147 and Beclin-1 were detected by Western blot; soluble RANKL were detected by ELISA. To determine the effect of CD147 and autophagy, KG-1a cells were transfected with siRNA-CD147 or treated with autophagy inhibitor CQ (chloroquine), and then co-cultured with different sizes of titanium particles.Results: Our results showed that 0.2-1.2 µm and 1.2-10 µm titanium particles up-regulate CD147 to activate autophagy, which increase the level of soluble RANKL to promote osteoclastogenesis. Suppression of CD147 with siRNA could diminish particle-induced autophagy and soluble RANKL expression. In addition, CQ could dramatically reduce particle-induced soluble RANKL expression. Conclusion: Our findings suggested a possible mechanism underlying wear debris-induced osteolysis and identified CD147 as a potential therapeutic target in aseptic loosening

Exploration of the causal associations between circulating inflammatory proteins, immune cells, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis

BackgroundAn increasing body of research has demonstrated a robust correlation between circulating inflammatory proteins and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). However, whether this association is causal or whether immune cells act as mediators currently remains unclear.MethodsWe employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis to examine the potential causal association between circulating inflammatory proteins, immune cells, and NMOSD using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Five different methods for Mendelian randomization analyses were applied, with the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method being the primary approach. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to assess the presence of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity in the results. Finally, a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) design was employed to examine the potential mediating effects of immune cells.ResultsA notable causal relationship was observed between three circulating inflammatory proteins (CSF-1, IL-24, and TNFRSF9) and genetically predicted NMOSD. Furthermore, two immune cell phenotypes, genetically predicted CD8 on naive CD8+ T cells, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Absolute Count were negatively and positively associated with genetically predicted NMOSD, respectively, although they did not appear to function as mediators.ConclusionCirculating inflammatory proteins and immune cells are causally associated with NMOSD. Immune cells do not appear to mediate the pathway linking circulating inflammatory proteins to NMOSD

Study of J/ψJ/\psi and ψ(3686)→Σ(1385)0Σˉ(1385)0\psi(3686)\rightarrow\Sigma(1385)^{0}\bar\Sigma(1385)^{0} and Ξ0Ξˉ0\Xi^0\bar\Xi^{0}

We study the decays of $J/\psi$ and $\psi(3686)$ to the final states $\Sigma(1385)^{0}\bar\Sigma(1385)^{0}$ and $\Xi^0\bar\Xi^{0}$ based on a single baryon tag method using data samples of $(1310.6 \pm 7.0) \times 10^{6}$ $J/\psi$ and $(447.9 \pm 2.9) \times 10^{6}$ $\psi(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The decays to $\Sigma(1385)^{0}\bar\Sigma(1385)^{0}$ are observed for the first time. The measured branching fractions of $J/\psi$ and $\psi(3686)\rightarrow\Xi^0\bar\Xi^{0}$ are in good agreement with, and much more precise, than the previously published results. The angular parameters for these decays are also measured for the first time. The measured angular decay parameter for $J/\psi\rightarrow\Sigma(1385)^{0}\bar\Sigma(1385)^{0}$, $\alpha =-0.64 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.10$, is found to be negative, different to the other decay processes in this measurement. In addition, the "12\% rule" and isospin symmetry in the $J/\psi$ and $\psi(3686)\rightarrow\Xi\bar\Xi$ and $\Sigma(1385)\bar{\Sigma}(1385)$ systems are tested.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. This version is consistent with paper published in Phys.Lett. B770 (2017) 217-22