Pickering emulsions responsive to CO₂/N₂ and light dual stimuli at ambient temperature

A dual stimulus-responsive n-octane-in-water Pickering emulsion with CO₂/N₂ and light triggers is prepared using negatively charged silica nanoparticles in combination with a trace amount of dual switchable surfactant, 4-butyl-4-(4-N,N-dimethylbutoxyamine) azobenzene bicarbonate (AZO-B₄) as stabilizers. On one hand, the emulsion can be transformed between stable and unstable at ambient temperature rapidly via the N₂/CO₂ trigger, and on the other hand a change in droplet size of the emulsion can occur upon light irradiation/re-homogenization cycles without changing the particle/surfactant concentration. The dual responsiveness thus allows for a precise control of emulsion properties. Compared with emulsions stabilised by specially synthesized stimuli-responsive particles or by stimuli-responsive surfactants, the method reported here is much easier and requires relatively low concentration of surfactant (≈1/10 cmc), which is important for potential applications

Smart worm-like micelles responsive to CO₂/N₂ and light dual stimuli

CO₂/N₂ and light dual stimuli-reponsive worm-like micelles (WLMs) were obtained by addition of a relatively small amount of a switchable surfactant, 4-butyl-4´-(4-N,N-dimethylhexyloxy-amine) azobenzene bicarbonate (AZO-B6-CO₂), sensitive to the same triggers into a binary aqueous solution of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium salycilate (NaSal)

Total flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) effect the expression of CaL-α1C and KATP-Kir6.1 mRNA of the myocardial cell membrane in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia rats

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the impact of total flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) on the expression of vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel alpha1 C subunit (CaL-α1C) and ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP)-Kir6.1 mRNA, and explore the mechanisms of the antiarrhythmic effect of Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) total flavonoids.MethodsThe treatment group was fed total flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) for 7 days by gavage with 100 mg · kg−1 · d−1. The blank control group and model control group were given the same amount of normal saline for 7 d. Arrhythmias were induced by performing a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and electrocardiogram was observed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of CaL-α 1Cand KATP-Kir6.1 mRNA in the myocardial cell membrane of all groups of rats.ResultsTotal flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) can delay the appearance of myocardial ischemia reperfusion arrhythmias, shorten the duration of myocardial ischemia reperfusion arrhythmias, reduce heart rate, reduce cell membrane expression of CaL-α1C mRNA and enhance the expression of KATP-Kir6.1 mRNA in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmic rats.ConclusionTotal flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) can alleviate arrhythmias by affecting the expression of L-type calcium channels and ATP-sensitive K+ channels

Fully stabilized 750-MHz Yb: fiber frequency comb

This study focuses on presenting a fully stabilized, self-referenced Yb:fiber frequency comb respectively phase locked to a microwave standard and an optical reference employing the highest, fundamental repetition rate of 750-MHz without additional external amplifiers and compressors. In addition, the challenge of phase locking the carrier envelop offset frequency for this high-repetition-rate fiber frequency comb is separately investigated in two schemes, namely, f-2f self-referencing and an approach of phase locking a beat note between the Yb: fiber frequency comb and a continuous wave laser