Relationship Between Capital Structure and Firm Performance, Evidence From Growth Enterprise Market in China

SMEs play an important role in Chinese economy, and along with the launch of China GEM, the pressure of SMEs financing will be reduced. This research established simultaneous equations of capital structure and corporation performance, applicant INN to estimate the equation and then find out the interactive relationship between capital structure and corporation performance. The results show that capital structure and corporation performance exist interactive relationship and capital structure, growth ability, equity concentration, board and corporation scale will significantly influence corporation performance. Profitability, growth ability, debt paying ability, collateral value of assets and enterprise scale will significantly influence capital structure.

Poison Dart Frog: A Clean-Label Attack with Low Poisoning Rate and High Attack Success Rate in the Absence of Training Data

To successfully launch backdoor attacks, injected data needs to be correctly labeled; otherwise, they can be easily detected by even basic data filters. Hence, the concept of clean-label attacks was introduced, which is more dangerous as it doesn't require changing the labels of injected data. To the best of our knowledge, the existing clean-label backdoor attacks largely relies on an understanding of the entire training set or a portion of it. However, in practice, it is very difficult for attackers to have it because of training datasets often collected from multiple independent sources. Unlike all current clean-label attacks, we propose a novel clean label method called 'Poison Dart Frog'. Poison Dart Frog does not require access to any training data; it only necessitates knowledge of the target class for the attack, such as 'frog'. On CIFAR10, Tiny-ImageNet, and TSRD, with a mere 0.1\%, 0.025\%, and 0.4\% poisoning rate of the training set size, respectively, Poison Dart Frog achieves a high Attack Success Rate compared to LC, HTBA, BadNets, and Blend. Furthermore, compared to the state-of-the-art attack, NARCISSUS, Poison Dart Frog achieves similar attack success rates without any training data. Finally, we demonstrate that four typical backdoor defense algorithms struggle to counter Poison Dart Frog

Spiking Semantic Communication for Feature Transmission with HARQ

In Collaborative Intelligence (CI), the Artificial Intelligence (AI) model is divided between the edge and the cloud, with intermediate features being sent from the edge to the cloud for inference. Several deep learning-based Semantic Communication (SC) models have been proposed to reduce feature transmission overhead and mitigate channel noise interference. Previous research has demonstrated that Spiking Neural Network (SNN)-based SC models exhibit greater robustness on digital channels compared to Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based SC models. However, the existing SNN-based SC models require fixed time steps, resulting in fixed transmission bandwidths that cannot be adaptively adjusted based on channel conditions. To address this issue, this paper introduces a novel SC model called SNN-SC-HARQ, which combines the SNN-based SC model with the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) mechanism. SNN-SC-HARQ comprises an SNN-based SC model that supports the transmission of features at varying bandwidths, along with a policy model that determines the appropriate bandwidth. Experimental results show that SNN-SC-HARQ can dynamically adjust the bandwidth according to the channel conditions without performance loss

Tourists’ green behavior: Co-creation and emotional experience

Based on the theory of inseparability nature of service, service dominant logic, and SOR model, this study examined the interactive relationships among tourists’ co-creation of experience, self-esteem, satisfaction with travel experience, quality of life, and green behavior. Using data collected from 493 tourists in China, the results indicated that co-creation of experience directly influenced their self-esteem, satisfaction with travel experience, and green behavior. Besides, the findings found that emotional experience (satisfaction with travel experience, self-esteem, quality of life) partially mediated the relationships between co-creation experience and green behavior. Finally, co-creation affected tourists’ green behavior through the chain mediating role of self-esteem, satisfaction with travel experience, and quality of life. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed as well

MarS3D: A Plug-and-Play Motion-Aware Model for Semantic Segmentation on Multi-Scan 3D Point Clouds

3D semantic segmentation on multi-scan large-scale point clouds plays an important role in autonomous systems. Unlike the single-scan-based semantic segmentation task, this task requires distinguishing the motion states of points in addition to their semantic categories. However, methods designed for single-scan-based segmentation tasks perform poorly on the multi-scan task due to the lacking of an effective way to integrate temporal information. We propose MarS3D, a plug-and-play motion-aware module for semantic segmentation on multi-scan 3D point clouds. This module can be flexibly combined with single-scan models to allow them to have multi-scan perception abilities. The model encompasses two key designs: the Cross-Frame Feature Embedding module for enriching representation learning and the Motion-Aware Feature Learning module for enhancing motion awareness. Extensive experiments show that MarS3D can improve the performance of the baseline model by a large margin. The code is available at https://github.com/CVMI-Lab/MarS3D

Factors Influencing Bike Share Among Underserved Populations: Evidence from Three US Cities

There is evidence that lower-income and people of color (POC) in the U.S. do not use bike share as much as higher-income and white people. Using data from residents living near stations in New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia, our analysis examines reasons for these disparities. While smaller shares of POC are members (vs higher-income white people), large shares of POC are interested in bike share. Among POC, having positive attitudes about bicycling and having family and friends that use bike share are strong predictors of interest in bike share. POC are also motivated to use bike share for recreational reasons. Receiving information from interactive sources may be effective at increasing bike share use and interest, though it is not clear whether these efforts have affected POC. Cost is a barrier for people who have tried bike share and are interested in using it in the future but are not members