An Alternative Electrode System for Monitoring Belousov-Zhabotinsky Chemical Oscillations

The capability of copper-platinum (Cu/Pt) electrode system as a BelousovZhabotinsky (BZ) chemical oscillation monitor was compared with that of the normally used SCE/Pt electrode system, by testing it on three BZ systems, which were obtained by varying the oscillator in the combination bromate, oscillator and malonic acid. The oscillators, used separately, were cerium(IV), manganese(II) and ferroin [iron (II)-1,10- phenanthroline complex].Cu/Pt electrode gave essentially identical values of oscillation characteristics (oscillation period, peak potential, induction period, peak width) except peak potentials. This indicated that the Cu/Pt electrode system would be more useful than the SCE/Pt electrode system (which had chloride leakage problem), in electrical applications of chemical oscillations, such as electrical switches, which would depend only on the on/off frequency

A Potential Model for Chemical Oscillations

Oscillation characteristics: induction period, oscillation period, peak potential, and total oscillation time of Belousov-Zhabotinsky systems, which consisted of bromate - oscillator [Ce4+ or Mn2+ or ferroin] - malonic acid were deter- mined using SCE/Pt and Cu/Pt electrodes. The solution potential requirements for appearance of chemical oscillations were determined by finding the concentra- tion limits of the reactants, bromate and malonic acid, and measuring the corres-ponding solution reduction potentials. A chemical oscillation model was proposed

Feasibility of extracting a Σ−\Sigma^- admixture probability in the neutron-rich Λ10^{10}_{\Lambda}Li hypernucleus

We examine theoretically production of the neutron-rich $^{10}_{\Lambda}$Li hypernucleus by a double-charge exchange ($\pi^-$, $K^+$) reaction on a $^{10}$B target with distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations. The result shows that the magnitude and shape of the calculated spectrum at 1.20 GeV/c by a one-step mechanism $\pi^-p \to K^+ \Sigma^-$ via $\Sigma^-$ doorways caused by a $\Sigma^-p \leftrightarrow \Lambda n$ coupling can explain the recent experimental data, and the $\Sigma^-$ admixture probability in $^{10}_{\Lambda}$Li is found to be the order of 10$^{-1}$ %. The ($\pi^-$, $K^+$) reaction provides a capability of extracting properties of wave functions with $\Lambda$-$\Sigma$ coupling effects in neutron-rich nuclei, together with the reaction mechanism.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Application of different organic and mineral fertilizers on the growth, yield and nutrient accumulation of rice in a Japanese ordinary paddy field

A rice cultivation study was conducted at Kyushu University farm. Cow manure (CM), poultry manure (PM), rice straw + urea mix-application (SU), urea (UF) and M-coat, a slow released compound fertilizer (M-coat) were used as the N sources by comparing with no application (Control). Treatments were made with two levels application of each N source at 40 (level I) and 80 kg N ha-1(level II) excluding M-coat. In all urea treatments, three split applications were made. A study of soil incubation was conducted for 2 weeks to investigate the mineralized N of applied mineral and organic fertilizer. Plant growth characters, dry matter, yield and plant nutrient accumulations were higher in mineral fertilization than organic. Mineral fertilization was observed in correlation with the larger crop removal. PM-II as an organic matter provided comparatively higher nutrient accumulations which in turn enhanced the growth and yield of rice. CM and SU gave the lower plant growth, yield and nutrient accumulation. Mineralized N was higher in sole mineral N applications. Organic matter with high C/N ratio provided very low mineralized N and its net N mineralization percentage. Negative values of net N mineralization percentage were observed in SU due to N immobilization. Keywords: Cow Manure, Mineralized N, Paddy Soil, Poultry Manure, Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Rice Stra

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and subsequent cardiovascular disease : current national and international guidelines and the need for future research

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Hyperonic mixing in five-baryon double-strangeness hypernuclei in a two-channel treatment

Properties of hypernuclei $_{\Lambda \Lambda}^5$H and $_{\Lambda \Lambda }^5$He are studied in a two-channel approach with explicit treatment of coupling of channels ^3\text{Z}+\Lambda+\Lambda and \alpha+\Xi. Diagonal \Lambda\Lambda and coupling \Lambda\Lambda-\Xi N interactions are derived within G-matrix procedure from Nijmegen meson-exchange models. Bond energy \Delta B_{\Lambda\Lambda} in $_{\Lambda \Lambda}^5$He exceeds significantly that in $_{\Lambda \Lambda}^5$H due to the channel coupling. Diagonal \Xi\alpha attraction amplifies the effect, which is sensitive also to \Lambda-core interaction. The difference of the \Delta B_{\Lambda\Lambda} values can be an unambiguous signature of the \Lambda\Lambda-\Xi N coupling in \Lambda\Lambda hypernuclei. However, improved knowledge of the hyperon-nucleus potentials is needed for quantitative extraction of the coupling strength from future data on the \Lambda\Lambda hypernuclear binding energies.Comment: 11 pages with 3 figures; Phys. Rev. C, accepte

The Λ\Lambda-Σ\Sigma coupling effect in the neutron-rich Λ\Lambda-hypernucleus Λ10_{\Lambda}^{10}Li by microscopic shell model

We investigate the structure of the neutron-rich $\Lambda$-hypernucleus $_{\Lambda}^{10}$Li by using microscopic shell-model calculations considering a $\Lambda$-$\Sigma$ coupling effect. The calculated $\Sigma$-mixing probability in the $_{\Lambda}^{10}$Li ground state is found to be about 0.34 % which is coherently enhanced by the $\Lambda$-$\Sigma$ coupling configurations, leading to the energy shift 0.28 MeV which is about 3 times larger than that in $_{\Lambda}^{7}$Li. The importance of the $\Sigma$ configuration obtained by the $\Sigma N$ interaction and the potentiality of the neutron-rich environment are discussed.Comment: 6 figure

A Comparison of Initial and Subsequent Follow-Up Strobovideolaryngoscopic Examinations in Singers.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have identified abnormal findings in up to 86.1% of singers on initial screening strobovideolaryngoscopy (SVL) examinations. No studies have compared the prevalence of abnormalities in singers on their subsequent follow-up SVL. Our study evaluates the frequency of these findings in both the initial and subsequent examinations. METHODS: Retrospective charts and SVL reports were reviewed on students from an opera conservatory from 1993 to 2014. All students had initial screening SVL, but only students who later returned with acute voice complaints were included in the study (n = 51, 137 follow-up visits). Normal SVL was defined as an examination without structural or functional abnormalities and reflux finding score ≤7. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: For initial examinations, 90.2% (including reflux) and 88.2% (excluding reflux) were abnormal. In follow-up examinations, 94.9% (including reflux) and 94.2% (excluding reflux) had abnormal findings, which included muscle tension dysphonia (40.1%), vocal fold (VF) masses (unilateral 48.9%, bilateral 30.7%), vascular abnormalities (unilateral 27.0%, bilateral 5.8%), sulcus (unilateral 17.5%, bilateral 5.1%), VF hypomobility (unilateral 36.3%, bilateral 5.9%), phase (30.6%) and amplitude (44.8%) asymmetries, and glottic insufficiency (49.3%). Follow-up examinations revealed a significant increase in laryngopharyngeal reflux (χ(2) = 7.043; P \u3c 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found a higher prevalence of abnormal findings compared with previous studies, which we attributed to a more inclusive definition of abnormal pathologies, improvements in SVL technology, and possibly increased experience with SVL interpretation. This high prevalence of abnormal findings in asymptomatic singers further supports the importance of baseline examinations