A new energy conservation scheme for the numeric study of the heat transfer in profile extrusion calibration

In this work, a new second-order conservative finite volume scheme using the cell-to-vertex interpolation is proposed to solve the heat transfer problem involving discontinuous solution and discontinuous materials properties. We apply the method to a thermoplastic extrusion process where a dry calibration is used to cool down a polymer tape. One of the major difficulties in the modelling is to prescribe the adequate value for the heat transfer coefficient between the polymer and the calibrator. To this end, we define an optimization procedure coupled with the new finite volume method to evaluate the heat transfer coefficient at the polymer-calibrator interface from experimental data.This research was financed by FEDER Funds through Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade - COMPETE and by Portuguese Funds through FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, within the Projects PEst-OE/MAT/UI0013/2014, PTDC/MAT/121185/2010, and UID/CTM/50025/2013. The second author was also financed by project FCT-ANR/MAT-NAN/0122/2012.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Decoding Lamarck-transgenerational control of metabolism by noncoding RNAs

The concept of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance (ETI) posits that lifetime experiences in parents, particularly fathers, alter the phenotypic trajectory of their progeny independently of Mendelian genetics. Based on evidence from population studies and laboratory-controlled studies in syngenic animals, this long-term discredited so-called Lamarckian inheritance gained prominent attention. This article aims to summarize the current knowledge about ETI in lower and in higher organisms as well as in human cohorts and elaborates on epigenetic principles potentially underlying this nongenetic mode of heredity. Special attention is given to-small and long-noncoding RNAs in male gametes that recently emerged as a molecular sensor of organismal metabolic states which can ultimately relay information across the germline barrier by translating environmental cues into (epigenetic) changes in zygotic gene expression