Long Term Running Biphasically Improves Methylglyoxal-Related Metabolism, Redox Homeostasis and Neurotrophic Support within Adult Mouse Brain Cortex

Oxidative stress and neurotrophic support decline seem to be crucially involved in brain aging. Emerging evidences indicate the pro-oxidant methylglyoxal (MG) as a key player in the age-related dicarbonyl stress and molecular damage within the central nervous system. Although exercise promotes the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, habitual exercise may retard cellular aging and reduce the age-dependent cognitive decline through hormetic adaptations, yet molecular mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of exercise are still largely unclear. In particular, whereas adaptive responses induced by exercise initiated in youth have been broadly investigated, the effects of chronic and moderate exercise begun in adult age on biochemical hallmarks of very early senescence in mammal brains have not been extensively studied. This research investigated whether a long-term, forced and moderate running initiated in adult age may affect the interplay between the redox-related profile and the oxidative-/MG-dependent molecular damage patterns in CD1 female mice cortices; as well, we investigated possible exercise-induced effects on the activity of the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent pathway. Our findings suggested that after a transient imbalance in almost all parameters investigated, the lately-initiated exercise regimen strongly reduced molecular damage profiles in brains of adult mice, by enhancing activities of the main ROS- and MG-targeting scavenging systems, as well as by preserving the BDNF-dependent signaling through the transition from adult to middle age

O adolescente e o diabetes: uma experiência de vida El adolescente y la diabetes: una experiencia de vida Teenagers with type 1 diabetes mellitus: life experience report

OBJETIVO: Compreender como o adolescente com diabetes mellitus tipo I vivencia sua experiência de doença e como lida com esta situação no cotidiano. MÉTODOS: O Interacionismo Simbólico foi utilizado como referencial teórico e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados como o referencial metodológico da pesquisa. Participaram do estudo 10 adolescentes com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 há mais de um ano. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados dois fenômenos explicativos da experiência: não sendo normal ter diabetes e sendo normal ter diabetes. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois fenômenos não são isolados ou excludentes para o mesmo adolescente, parecendo haver períodos ou fases em que os adolescentes identificam-se e vivenciam ora um fenômeno ora outro, com maior ou menor intensidade.<br>OBJETIVO: Comprender como el adolescente con diabetes mellitus tipo I experimenta su enfermedad y como lidia con esta situación en lo cotidiano. MÉTODOS: El Interaccionismo Simbólico fue utilizado como marco teórico y la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos como el marco metodológico de la investigación. Participaron del estudio 10 adolescentes que tenían diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 hace más de un año. RESULTADOS: Fueron identificados dos fenómenos que explicaban la experiencia: no es normal tener diabetes y es normal tener diabetes. CONCLUSIÓN: Los dos fenómenos no están aislados o se excluyen mutuamente para el mismo adolescente, pareciendo haber períodos o fases en que los adolescentes se identifican y viven una vez un fenómeno y otra vez el otro, con mayor o menor intensidad.<br>PURPOSE: To understand the life experience of teenagers with type 1 diabetes mellitus and how they cope with the disease in daily life. METHODS: The symbolic interactionism was the theoretical perspective guiding the study. Grounded theory served as the method for using the empirical data. Participants consisted of 10 teenagers with type 1 diabetes mellitus over a year. RESULTS: Two phenomena explaining their life experience emerged: "Regarding having diabetes as being normal" and "regarding having diabetes as being abnormal." CONCLUSION: The two phenomena were not isolated or excluded from the life experience of the same teenager; there were phases in which the teenagers experienced one of the phenomena and vice-versa with greater or less intensity