A community-based study of hypertension and cardio-metabolic syndrome in semi-urban and rural communities in Nigeria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence of cardio-metabolic syndrome (CMS) is increasing worldwide. In people of African descent, there is higher prevalence of hypertension and complications than other races. Bearing in mind these facts, we looked at the CMS in the general population and the population with hypertension. Using the new International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions of CMS, we studied its prevalence in semi-urban and rural communities in South-east Nigeria in relation to hypertension.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>This is a cross sectional population based study involving 1458 adults aged from 25 to 64 years. Diagnosis of CMS was based on the new IDF criteria using the anthropometric measurements for Europids as there is none yet for blacks. Hypertension was defined according to the WHO/ISH criteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence of CMS was 18.0% in the semi-urban community as against 10.0% in the rural community increasing to 34.7% and 24.7% respectively in the population with hypertension. The prevalence of co-morbidities - hyperglycaemia, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglceridaemia were 13.9%, 41.1% and 23.9% while in the hypertensive populations they were 21.2%, 55.0% and 31.3% in the general population in both communities combined. Except for low HDL cholesterol, every other co-morbidity was higher in hypertensive population than the general population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The high prevalence of CMS in the semi-urban population especially for the population with hypertension underscores the double burden of disease in developing countries. The lesson is while infections and infestations are being tackled in these countries the non-communicable diseases should not be neglected.</p

Acute Toxicity Determination Of Pyrrolobenzothiazine And Pyrrolobenzoxazine Ring Systems On Mice

Toxicity tests were carried out on two Bezethiazine and Benzoxazine derivatives. For this experiment, a total of sixty (60) Albino mice with average weight range 18-26g were employed. For each test compound, thirty (30) mice were distributed in five cages and fed ad libitum for 14 days for acclimatization. The test compounds were suspended in a non-toxic solvent (Tween 80) and intraperitoneally administered into the mice at doses of 450mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 550mg/kg and 600mg.kg. The results showed that the compound pyrrolobenzothiazine ring system has LD50 value of 500.00mg/kg, while the compound pyrrolobenzoxazine ring system has an LD50 value of 517.60mg/kg. These results are indicative of low toxicity values for the two compounds. KEY WORDS: Toxicity, LD50, Mice, Benzothiazine, Benzoxazine. J.Expt. & Clin. Anat. 2(1) 2003: 34-3

Acute Toxicity Determination Of Two New Benzothiazino Phenoxazine Dyestuffs In Mice

Two new heterocyclic benzothiazinophenoxazine dyestuffs have been subjected to acute toxicity test using mice as the test animal. For each dyestuff, a total of thirty albino mice with average weight range of 14 - 25g were used. The first dyestuff-dibenzo[a,j][1,4]benzothiazino[3,2-c]phenoxazine had LD50 value of 291.7mg/kg while the second dyestuff-8,-chloro-11-oxa-10-thia,9,18-triazadibenzo[a,r]pentaphene had LD50 value of 363.07mg/kg. These values are within the limits of acceptable values for dyestuffs. KEY WORDS: Toxicity, LD50, Mice, Benzothiazino Phenoxazine. J.Expt. & Clin. Anat. 2(2) 2003: 20-2