Post-Lie Algebras, Factorization Theorems and Isospectral-Flows

In these notes we review and further explore the Lie enveloping algebra of a post-Lie algebra. From a Hopf algebra point of view, one of the central results, which will be recalled in detail, is the existence of a second Hopf algebra structure. By comparing group-like elements in suitable completions of these two Hopf algebras, we derive a particular map which we dub post-Lie Magnus expansion. These results are then considered in the case of Semenov-Tian-Shansky's double Lie algebra, where a post-Lie algebra is defined in terms of solutions of modified classical Yang-Baxter equation. In this context, we prove a factorization theorem for group-like elements. An explicit exponential solution of the corresponding Lie bracket flow is presented, which is based on the aforementioned post-Lie Magnus expansion.Comment: 49 pages, no-figures, review articl

Targeting Huntington’s disease through histone deacetylases

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition with significant burdens on both patient and healthcare costs. Despite extensive research, treatment options for patients with this condition remain limited. Aberrant post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is emerging as an important element in the pathogenesis of HD. These PTMs include acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination. Several families of proteins are involved with the regulation of these PTMs. In this review, I discuss the current evidence linking aberrant PTMs and/or aberrant regulation of the cellular machinery regulating these PTMs to HD pathogenesis. Finally, I discuss the evidence suggesting that pharmacologically targeting one of these protein families the histone deacetylases may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of HD

"Comparison of Nanofiltration and GAC Adsorption Processes for Chloroform Removal from Drinking Water"

In this research, the Chloroform (CHCl3) removal effectiveness of two water treatment systems including membrane technology and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption were studied. Two bench-scales were designed and set up: 1) Nanofiltration (NF) spiral-wound modules and 2) GAC adsorption column. Chloroform was considered as trihalomethanes (THMs) basic indicator compound. The inlet and outlet CHCl3 concentrations were detected by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD). The study was carried out for the two cases of spiked deionized water with CHCl3 and chlorinated Tehran tap water. Flow rate, CHCl3 and total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations were considered in both treatment systems and the transmembrane pressures for membrane pilot, as the basic variables affecting removal efficiencies. Results showed that CHCl3 rejection coefficients for NF 300 Da, NF 600 Da and GAC Column, with various operation conditions had a range of 55.2% to 87.8%, 78% to 85% and 41.4% to 74.1%, respectively. It was found that removal efficiencies for NF 600 Da were lower than those of NF 300 Da and GAC column. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis method. Results showed a positive correlation between the flow rate, CHCl3 concentration and chloroform rejection coefficients and the TDS concentration had no significant effect on chloroform removal efficiencies

Effect of different levels of methionine, protein and tallow on the productive performance and egg quality of laying hens in the late-phase production

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of methionine, protein and tallow on productive performance and egg quality of laying hens in the late phase of production. A completely randomized design with a 3×2×2 factorial arrangement, with three levels (0.34, 0.31, and 0.27%) of methionine (MET), two levels (12.8 and 14.7%) of protein (PRO) and two levels (1 and 3%) of tallow (TAL) with constant level of linoleic acid (1.55 ± 0.02%), was used. A number of 144 Hi-Line W-36 layers from 70 to 76 wk of age was randomly distributed into 12 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 3 hens each. Egg production and egg weight were daily recorded and feed intake and egg quality traits were recorded every 2 wk. There was a significant interaction between PRO levels and TAL for egg weight. Low levels of TAL and PRO decreased egg weight throughout the experiment. High levels of MET and TAL with concomitant reduced PRO, increased eggshell thickness, and a significant interaction between levels of MET, PRO and TAL was observed during the experiment (70 to 76 wk). Low level of protein (12.8%) significantly decreased albumen weight in the third 2-wk period. Yolk color increased when hens were fed low levels of PRO and TAL. Results of this experiment indicated that the simultaneous reduction of dietary PRO and MET in diets of Hi-Line W-36 laying hens in the late phase of production, reduced egg weight (P<0.05). Productive performance and egg quality were not affected by 12 and 20% reduction of PRO and MET, respectively. It seems that decreasing the levels of MET and PRO to lower than the recommended values can decrease egg weight without negative effects on productive performance and egg quality of laying hens in the late phase of production

Association of HLA alleles with autism

Arezou Sayad,1 Mohammad Taghi Akbari,2 Rezvan Noroozi,3 Mir Davood Omrani,1,4 Hidetoshi Inoko,5 Mohammad Taheri,6 Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard1 1Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; 3Photochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 5Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan; 6Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders known by impaired social interaction and activities and abnormal repetitive behavior. As a multifactorial disorder, several genetic and immunological factors have been shown to be implicated in its pathogenesis. Methods: Among them are certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. In the current study, we genotyped HLA-A, -B &amp; DRB alleles in 103 Iranian ASD patients and 180 age, gender, and ethnic-matched healthy controls. Results: After Boferroni correction no allele or haplotype was associated with genetic susceptibility to ASD in Iranian population. Conclusion: Future studies are needed to assess contribution of immunological factors such as HLA alleles in ASD pathogenesis. Keywords: autism, HLA typing, immune respons