6 research outputs found
Effect of Delayed Immune Response on the Dynamics of HIV Infection Under Multidrug Treatment
Modeling the Mechanisms by Which HIV-Associated Immunosuppression Influences HPV Persistence at the Oral Mucosa
Autoreactive Effector/Memory CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Infiltrating Grafted and Endogenous Islets in Diabetic NOD Mice Exhibit Similar T Cell Receptor Usage
<div><p>Islet transplantation provides a βcureβ for type 1 diabetes but is limited in part by recurrent autoimmunity mediated by Ξ² cell-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Insight into the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of effector T cells driving recurrent autoimmunity would aid the development of immunotherapies to prevent islet graft rejection. Accordingly, we used a multi-parameter flow cytometry strategy to assess the TCR variable Ξ² (VΞ²) chain repertoires of T cell subsets involved in autoimmune-mediated rejection of islet grafts in diabetic NOD mouse recipients. NaΓ―ve CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells exhibited a diverse TCR repertoire, which was similar in all tissues examined in NOD recipients including the pancreas and islet grafts. On the other hand, the effector/memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell repertoire in the islet graft was dominated by one to four TCR VΞ² chains, and specific TCR VΞ² chain usage varied from recipient to recipient. Similarly, islet graft- infiltrating effector/memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells expressed a limited number of prevalent TCR VΞ² chains, although generally TCR repertoire diversity was increased compared to effector/memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Strikingly, the majority of NOD recipients showed an increase in TCR VΞ²12-bearing effector/memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in the islet graft, most of which were proliferating, indicating clonal expansion. Importantly, TCR VΞ² usage by effector/memory CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells infiltrating the islet graft exhibited greater similarity to the repertoire found in the pancreas as opposed to the draining renal lymph node, pancreatic lymph node, or spleen. Together these results demonstrate that effector/memory CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells mediating autoimmune rejection of islet grafts are characterized by restricted TCR VΞ² chain usage, and are similar to T cells that drive destruction of the endogenous islets.</p> </div