Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis—A Survey

Thispaperprovidesastartingpointforresearchersandpractitionersfrombiology,medicine, physics and engineering who can benefit from an up-to-date literature survey on patient-specific bone fracture modelling, simulation and risk analysis. This survey hints at a framework for devising realistic patient-specific bone fracture simulations. This paper has 18 sections: Section 1 presents the main interested parties; Section 2 explains the organzation of the text; Section 3 motivates further work on patient-specific bone fracture simulation; Section 4 motivates this survey; Section 5 concerns the collection of bibliographical references; Section 6 motivates the physico-mathematical approach to bone fracture; Section 7 presents the modelling of bone as a continuum; Section 8 categorizes the surveyed literature into a continuum mechanics framework; Section 9 concerns the computational modelling of bone geometry; Section 10 concerns the estimation of bone mechanical properties; Section 11 concerns the selection of boundary conditions representative of bone trauma; Section 12 concerns bone fracture simulation; Section 13 presents the multiscale structure of bone; Section 14 concerns the multiscale mathematical modelling of bone; Section 15 concerns the experimental validation of bone fracture simulations; Section 16 concerns bone fracture risk assessment. Lastly, glossaries for symbols, acronyms, and physico-mathematical terms are provided

Trajetória e tendências dos cursos de enfermagem no Brasil Trayectoria y tendencias de los cursos de graduación en enfermería en Brasil Trajectory and trends of Brazilian nursing diploma courses

O texto analisa a trajetória da educação em enfermagem no Brasil; analisa as tendências dos cursos de graduação (1991-2004) e traça um perfil do estudante de graduação de enfermagem que participou do Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENADE), em 2004. Para traçar o referido perfil são utilizados 18 indicadores sócio-familiares e acadêmicos dos respondentes do questionário do aluno. Apontam-se algumas perspectivas e desafios à educação em enfermagem no país, com vistas a subsidiar educadores e educandos na sua prática acadêmica.<br>El texto analiza el camino de la educación de enfermeria en Brasil y las tendencias de los cursos del grado (1991-2004) y polilla un perfil del estudiante graduación en enfermeria han participado en el Examen Nacional de Cursos (ENADE), en 2004. Para dibujar el referido 18 indicadores del compañero-familia y los respondentes al perfil de los académicos de la encuesta del estudiante ellos se usan. Se apuntan un poco de perspectivas y desafíos a la educación em enfermería en el país, con las vistas para subvencionar a educadores y estudiantes en el his/her la práctica académica.<br>The text analyzes the path of the education in nursing in Brazil and analyzes the trends of the diploma courses (1991-2004) and describes a profile of the nursing graduation students that participated in the National Exam of Courses (ENADE), in 2004. To draw the referred profile 18 partner-family indicators and the respondents of the student's questionnaire academics they used. Some perspectives and challenges are pointed to the education in nursing in the country, with views to subsidize educators and students in his/her academic practice

Music Therapy Reduces Radiotherapy-Induced Fatigue in Patients With Breast or Gynecological Cancer: A Randomized Trial

Purpose: To investigate the influence of music therapy on the reduction of fatigue in women with breast or gynecological malignant neoplasia during radiotherapy, since it is one of the most frequent side effects of this type of treatment, and may interfere with self-esteem, social activities, and quality of life. Experimental Design: Randomized controlled trial (control group [CG] and music therapy group [MTG]) to assess fatigue, quality of life, and symptoms of depression in women undergoing radiotherapy using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy: Fatigue (FACT-F) version 4, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT-G) version 4, and Beck Depression Inventory in 3 separate times, namely, during the first week of radiotherapy, on the week of the intermediary phase, and during the last week of radiotherapy. Individual 30- to 40-minute sessions of music therapy with the presence of a trained music therapist were offered to participants. Results: In this study, 164 women were randomized and 116 (63 CG and 53 MTG) were included in the analyses, with mean age of 52.90 years (CG) and 51.85 years (MTG). Participants in the MTG had an average of 10 music therapy sessions, totaling 509 sessions throughout the study. FACT-F results were significant regarding Trial Outcome Index ( P = .011), FACT-G ( P = .005), and FACT-F ( P = .001) for the MTG compared with the CG. Conclusions: Individual music therapy sessions may be effective to reduce fatigue related to cancer and symptoms of depression, as well as to improve quality of life for women with breast or gynecological cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Further well-designed research studies are needed to adequately determine the effects of music therapy on fatigue