Determinants of FDI in Afghanistan: An Empirical Analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the major FDI determinants that show capital flow in Afghanistan and to investigate impact of FDI determinants on economy of Afghanistan in particular. Design/methodology/approach: This Research look into whether FDI determinants influence FDI based in Afghanistan by taking time series data using OLS, over the period of 2005-2015. Findings: The relation of FDI with a few FDI determinants including total debt service, total external debt, gross domestic production and gross fixed capital formation contain a strong positive result on economic growth in Afghanistan; at the same time as the relation of FDI with Inflation contain a negative effect. Research limitations/implications: The restrictions of the study are basically the enlargement of data which cannot be found continuous for 2015 completely for all variables. Originality/value: The objective of this research is to define the main FDI determinants that show capital flow in Afghanistan and to explore impact of FDI determinants on economy of Afghanistan in particular. Secondary objective is the quantify FDI determinants to suggest some policies through which FDI can improve in Afghanistan

Determinants of FDI in Afghanistan: An Empirical Analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the major FDI determinants that show capital flow in Afghanistan and to investigate impact of FDI determinants on economy of Afghanistan in particular. Design/methodology/approach: This Research look into whether FDI determinants influence FDI based in Afghanistan by taking time series data using OLS, over the period of 2005-2015. Findings: The relation of FDI with a few FDI determinants including total debt service, total external debt, gross domestic production and gross fixed capital formation contain a strong positive result on economic growth in Afghanistan; at the same time as the relation of FDI with Inflation contain a negative effect. Research limitations/implications: The restrictions of the study are basically the enlargement of data which cannot be found continuous for 2015 completely for all variables. Originality/value: The objective of this research is to define the main FDI determinants that show capital flow in Afghanistan and to explore impact of FDI determinants on economy of Afghanistan in particular. Secondary objective is the quantify FDI determinants to suggest some policies through which FDI can improve in Afghanistan

Ecopreneurship: The reality cultured for today and tomorrow?

Business world, subject to typical changes evolve as a result of innovations. Innovations alter the economy and society fundamentally. To be innovative means to provide organizational and technical improvements that can be sold successfully in the marketplace. But the market systems have adversely affected the environment by: (a) failing to deal with negative environmental externalities and (b) undervaluing natural resources, leading to their over exploitation and depletion. In addition, imperfect market conditions, unclear definition of property rights and misplaced government policies (such as subsidies in various forms for exploitation of natural resources) have often led to the under-valuation of natural resources and to unsustainable exploitation. These market failures have caused irreparable damage to ecosystems and threaten to destroy life-support systems. In dealing such situations the potent weapon is ecopreneurship, which refers to a process by which entrepreneurs introduce eco-friendly (or relatively more eco-friendly) products and process into the marketplace

Ecopreneurship: The reality cultured for today and tomorrow?

Business world, subject to typical changes evolve as a result of innovations. Innovations alter the economy and society fundamentally. To be innovative means to provide organizational and technical improvements that can be sold successfully in the marketplace. But the market systems have adversely affected the environment by: (a) failing to deal with negative environmental externalities and (b) undervaluing natural resources, leading to their over exploitation and depletion. In addition, imperfect market conditions, unclear definition of property rights and misplaced government policies (such as subsidies in various forms for exploitation of natural resources) have often led to the under-valuation of natural resources and to unsustainable exploitation. These market failures have caused irreparable damage to ecosystems and threaten to destroy life-support systems. In dealing such situations the potent weapon is ecopreneurship, which refers to a process by which entrepreneurs introduce eco-friendly (or relatively more eco-friendly) products and process into the marketplace

Gender differences in the association between adiposity and probable major depression: a cross-sectional study of 140,564 UK Biobank participants

<b>Background</b><p></p> Previous studies on the association between adiposity and mood disorder have produced contradictory results, and few have used measurements other than body mass index (BMI). We examined the association between probable major depression and several measurements of adiposity: BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage (BF%).<p></p> <b>Methods</b><p></p> We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline data on the sub-group of UK Biobank participants who were assessed for mood disorder. Multivariate logistic regression models were used, adjusting for potential confounders including: demographic and life-style factors, comorbidity and psychotropic medication.<p></p> <b>Results</b><p></p> Of the 140,564 eligible participants, evidence of probable major depression was reported by 30,145 (21.5%). The fully adjusted odds ratios (OR) for obese participants were 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 1.20) using BMI, 1.15 (95% CI 1.11, 1.19) using WC, 1.09 (95% CI 1.05, 1.13) using WHR and 1.18 (95% CI 1.12, 1.25) using BF% (all p <0.001). There was a significant interaction between adiposity and gender (p = 0.001). Overweight women were at increased risk of depression with a dose response relationship across the overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), obese I (30.0-34.9 kg/m2), II (35.0-39.9 kg/m2) and III (≥40.0 kg/m2) categories; fully adjusted ORs 1.14, 1.20, 1.29 and 1.48, respectively (all p < 0.001). In contrast, only obese III men had significantly increased risk of depression (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.08, 1.54, p = 0.006).<p></p> <b>Conclusion</b><p></p> Adiposity was associated with probable major depression, irrespective of the measurement used. The association was stronger in women than men. Physicians managing overweight and obese women should be alert to this increased risk

India's trade linkage with BRCS: An econometric study

India has put stress on enhancing trade relations with BRCS (Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa) economies, from the recent past. As a result India’s export to BRCS’s economies has been momentous. From the modeling exercise of this paper, the price and import elasticities of export flows attract a great deal of attention because of its significant implications on India’s export earnings from BRCS. Time series data ranging from 2000-2014 has been taken into consideration and to avoid non-stationarity issue on their level, DF and ADF test have been applied at level and first difference. In connection to the model results, Phillips-Hansen’s Fully Modified (FM) Method has been employed to get the estimated value of price and import elasticity of export demand for India. The results advocate that India’s export are appreciably prejudiced by BRCS economic growth and are very price competitive in the BRCS market. In other words, the depreciation of Indian rupee will be helpful for expanding India’s exports to BRCS

The Determinants of India’s Imports: A Gravity Model Approach

In order to understand the India’s import trade with its partners, this paper applies the generalized gravity model to analyse the import structure by employing the panel data estimation technique. The results portray that India’s imports are determined by the inflation rates, per capita income differentials and the overall openness of the countries involved in trade. It has been also found out that imports are influenced to a great degree by the common border, as the case is between India, China and Bangladesh. Furthermore, the country precise effects describe that the sway of neighbouring countries is more than that of distant countries on India’s imports

Dry Sliding-Friction and Wear Behavior of Hot-Extruded Al6061/Si3N4/Cf Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite.

The effects of reinforcement addition and hot extrusion on the microstructures, micro hardness, friction, and wear behavior of aluminium (Al) hybrid composite were investigated. Al6061 dispersed with electroless nickel-coated Si3N4 (6wt.%) and copper-coated carbon fiber (Cf) (1wt.%) hybrid composites was developed through stir casting followed by hot extrusion. Optical micro structural studies confirmed that the size of reinforcements decreased, and their orientations were in the extrusion direction. The decrease in the grain size (29%) of hybrid composites was larger than that in the grain size of matrix alloys under hot-extruded conditions. The synthesized hot-extruded Al6061 hybrid composite exhibited a lower coefficient of friction (51%) and high wear resistance (39%) compared with the hotextruded Al6061base alloy