36 research outputs found

    Observations of Lyα\alpha Emitters at High Redshift

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    In this series of lectures, I review our observational understanding of high-zz Lyα\alpha emitters (LAEs) and relevant scientific topics. Since the discovery of LAEs in the late 1990s, more than ten (one) thousand(s) of LAEs have been identified photometrically (spectroscopically) at z0z\sim 0 to z10z\sim 10. These large samples of LAEs are useful to address two major astrophysical issues, galaxy formation and cosmic reionization. Statistical studies have revealed the general picture of LAEs' physical properties: young stellar populations, remarkable luminosity function evolutions, compact morphologies, highly ionized inter-stellar media (ISM) with low metal/dust contents, low masses of dark-matter halos. Typical LAEs represent low-mass high-zz galaxies, high-zz analogs of dwarf galaxies, some of which are thought to be candidates of population III galaxies. These observational studies have also pinpointed rare bright Lyα\alpha sources extended over 10100\sim 10-100 kpc, dubbed Lyα\alpha blobs, whose physical origins are under debate. LAEs are used as probes of cosmic reionization history through the Lyα\alpha damping wing absorption given by the neutral hydrogen of the inter-galactic medium (IGM), which complement the cosmic microwave background radiation and 21cm observations. The low-mass and highly-ionized population of LAEs can be major sources of cosmic reionization. The budget of ionizing photons for cosmic reionization has been constrained, although there remain large observational uncertainties in the parameters. Beyond galaxy formation and cosmic reionization, several new usages of LAEs for science frontiers have been suggested such as the distribution of {\sc Hi} gas in the circum-galactic medium and filaments of large-scale structures. On-going programs and future telescope projects, such as JWST, ELTs, and SKA, will push the horizons of the science frontiers.Comment: Lecture notes for `Lyman-alpha as an Astrophysical and Cosmological Tool', Saas-Fee Advanced Course 46. Verhamme, A., North, P., Cantalupo, S., & Atek, H. (eds.) --- 147 pages, 103 figures. Abstract abridged. Link to the lecture program including the video recording and ppt files : https://obswww.unige.ch/Courses/saas-fee-2016/program.cg

    Philanthropic Venture Capital: An Exploratory Comparative Study

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    This book is the first study on philanthropic venture capital, a financing form for social entrepreneurs that unites the principles characterizing traditional venture capital with social aims

    Philanthropic Venture Capital: A New Model of Financing for Social Entrepreneurs

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    Part I of this book begins with a review of alternative forms of venture capital. Part II of this book highlights the structure of venture capital investments

    Le pratiche di social venture capital nel contesto attuale

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    Philanthropic Venture Capital from a Global Perspective: Definition and Investment Strategy

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    The Oxford Handbook of Venture Capital provides a comprehensive picture of the issues dealing with the structure, governance, and performance of venture capital
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