The primary function of REM sleep

In this paper, the physiological features associated with the different stages of REM sleep and with what information processing researchers have called “effort” and “arousal” are compared. It is suggested that tonic REM sleep and effort involve an increase in the metabolism of cerebral glycogen, and phasic REM sleep and arousal involve the transfer of glucose from the body to the brain. Both stages of REM sleep seem to elevate cerebral glucose levels and likely result in increased ATP generation in some part(s) of the brain. It is noted that the functioning of the hippocampus depends heavily on ATP, and that this part of the brain becomes especially active during REM sleep. From this, although many details remain to be clarified, it seems clear that the primary function of REM sleep is to re-energize the brain

Audit and Certification of Digital Repositories: Creating a Mandate for the Digital Curation Centre (DCC)

The article examines the issues surrounding the audit and certification of digital repositories in light of the work that the RLG/NARA Task Force did to draw up guidelines and the need for these guidelines to be validated.

The Role of Evidence in Establishing Trust in Repositories

This article arises from work by the Digital Curation Centre (DCC) Working Group examining mechanisms to roll out audit and certification services for digital repositories in the United Kingdom. Our attempt to develop a program for applying audit and certification processes and tools took as its starting point the RLG-NARA Audit Checklist for Certifying Digital Repositories. Our intention was to appraise critically the checklist and conceive a means of applying its mechanics within a diverse range of repository environments. We were struck by the realization that while a great deal of effort has been invested in determining the characteristics of a 'trusted digital repository', far less effort has concentrated on the ways in which the presence of the attributes can be demonstrated and their qualities measured. With this in mind we sought to explore the role of evidence within the certification process, and to identify examples of the types of evidence (e.g., documentary, observational, and testimonial) that might be desirable during the course of a repository audit.

Teaching Psychology in V2: To Stream or not to Stream, That is the question

University education has historically occurred in face-to-face settings such as the traditional campus lecture hall. However, university teaching has increasingly been instructed online, especially since the recent lockdowns that took place during the COVID19 pandemic. During the pandemic period, many post-secondary institutions took to online teaching formats which often included asynchronous lessons provided by pre-recorded video or synchronous lessons conducted over video conferencing software. Unfortunately, online courses potentially limit the amount of communication possible between student and professor and therefore the engagement between the two may have been limited. Due to this, concerns have been expressed that students may feel more distanced from their professors and the educational environment, potentially lowering their satisfaction levels, hampering their course performance, and limiting their felt sense of presence in the learning environment. The current research aims to investigate means of addressing such concerns by comparing: 1) learning vs. satisfaction outcomes, 2) synchronous vs. asynchronous instruction, and 3) the use of virtual reality (VR) in online instruction, discussed in turn

Thermodynamic Evaluation and Modeling of Grade 91 Alloy and its Secondary Phases through CALPHAD Approach

Grade 91 (Gr.91) is a common structural material used in boiler applications and is favored due to its high temperature creep strength and oxidation resistance. Under cyclic stresses, the material will experience creep deformation eventually causing the propagation of type IV cracks within its heat-affected-zone (HAZ) which can be a major problem under short-term and long-term applications. In this study, we aim to improve this premature failure by performing a computational thermodynamic study through the Calculation of Phase Diagram (CALPHAD) approach. Under this approach, we have provided a baseline study as well as simulations based on additional alloying elements such as manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and titanium (Ti). Our simulation results have concluded that high concentrations of Mn and Ni had destabilized M23C6 for short-term creep failure, while Ti had increased the beneficial MX phase, and low concentrations of nitrogen (N) had successfully destabilized Z-phase formation for long-term creep failure

Time and \u27Manyness\u27: Temporality, Ecology, and Form in Don DeLillo\u27s Underworld

Don DeLillo’s Underworld employs formal approaches to the novel that question the limits of language. DeLillo’s novel charts an ecology of the human relation to the material world as it is created by language. He uses parataxis to demonstrate the methods whereby language receives limitation from its situation in frames of reference that are both historical and fictional. His formal techniques show how Cold War tropes inform interpretation of the material world through discourse, in terms of paranoia and knowledge, consumer capitalism and waste, and historically relevant forms of mimesis. This thesis argues that DeLillo’s emphasis on the limitation of discourse through framing encourages the reader to consider the ability of language to generate awareness of the grounds for its situatedness in time and history. The reader’s ceremonial engagement with the mimesis of the text creates the possibility for a temporality based in thought, dignity, and consequence to emerge

Adopting the Social Media and Infopreneurship Skills for Overcoming the Unemployment Problems of University Graduates in Nigeria

Social media is currently changing the terrain in our day-to-day communication and interaction in our society and organizations. Currently, many library graduates are becoming “netizens” and digital natives who are no longer comfortable with the conventional traditional library education after graduation. In the same vein, there is this driving zeal of these new breed librarians to become job creators and no longer job seekers especially after graduation, hence, the need for adopting entrepreneurship stance such as the introduction of “Infopreneur” to their library education. This is because, joblessness has been on the increase for so many years. Library graduates are roaming the street jobless and many are found idle. This paper considers the adoption of social media and infopreneurship skills to be acquired by our graduating students so as to mitigate the unemployment problems of library graduates in Nigeria. The paper also explored several existing body of knowledge that can do this, highlighted ways of transforming library education to gainful employment. It further stated the ways in which social media and infopreneurship can be eventful in Nigeria and concluded that the Nigerian education planners should try to encourage and expand the social media and infopreneurship education in our universities to help the outcoming graduates to provide jobs for themselves and others

European Missile Defense and Russia

View the Executive SummaryThis monograph examines the history of missile defense and the current dialogue from a Russian perspective, in order to explain the root causes of Russian alarm. Specific recommendations for managing the Russia relationship in the context of missile defense are given. Important conclusions are also drawn for the purpose of managing the dialogue over missile defense plans not only with Russia as an opponent, but also with European NATO allies as partners and hosts. The latter are especially significant in the light of these partners\u27 heightened hard security concerns following Russian annexation of Crimea and continuing hostile moves against Ukraine. This analysis was completed before the start of Russia\u27s annexation of Crimea in March 2014, but already warned of the prospect of direct military action by Russia in Europe in order to protect Moscow\u27s self-perceived interests.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1487/thumbnail.jp