7,466 research outputs found
A proposed NFC payment application
This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is based on a short range radio communication channel which enables users to exchange data between devices. With NFC technology, mobile services establish a contactless transaction system to make the payment methods easier for people. Although NFC mobile services have great potential for growth, they have raised several issues which have concerned the researches and prevented the adoption of this technology within societies. Reorganizing and describing what is required for the success of this technology have motivated us to extend the current NFC ecosystem models to accelerate the development of this business area. In this paper, we introduce a new NFC payment application, which is based on our previous “NFC Cloud Wallet” model [1] to demonstrate a reliable structure of NFC ecosystem. We also describe the step by step execution of the proposed protocol in order to carefully analyse the payment application and our main focus will be on the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) as the main player within the ecosystem
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Trusted integration of cloud-based NFC transaction players
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short range wireless technology that provides contactless transmission of data between devices. With an NFC enabled device, users can exchange information from one device to another, make payments and use their NFC enabled device as their identity. As the main payment ecosystem players such as service providers and secure element issuers have crucial roles in a multi-application mobile environment similar to NFC, managing such an environment has become very challenging. One of the technologies that can be used to ensure secure NFC transaction is cloud computing which offers wide range of advantages compare to the use of a Secure Element (SE) as a single entity in an NFC enabled phone. This approach provides a comprehensive leadership of the cloud provider towards managing and controlling customer's information where it allows the SE which is stored within an NFC phone to deal with authentication mechanisms rather than storing and managing sensitive transaction information. This paper discusses the NFC cloud Wallet model which has been proposed by us previously [1] and introduces a different insight that defines a new integrated framework based on a trusted relationship between the vendor and the Mobile Network Operator (MNO). We then carry out an analysis of such a relationship to investigate different possibilities that arise from this approach
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Mobile transactions over NFC and GSM
Dynamic relationships between Near Field Communication (NFC) ecosystem players in a monetary transaction make them partners in a way that they sometimes require to share access permission to applications that are running in the service environment. One of the technologies that can be used to ensure secure NFC transactions is cloud computing. This offers a wider range of advantages than the use of only a Secure Element (SE) in an NFC enabled mobile phone. In this paper, we propose a protocol for NFC mobile payments over NFC using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) authentication. In our protocol, the SE in the mobile device is used for customer authentication whereas the customer's banking credentials are stored in a cloud under the control of the Mobile Network Operator (MNO). The proposed protocol eliminates the requirement for a shared secret between the Point of Sale (PoS) and the MNO before execution of the protocol, a mandatory requirement in the earlier version of this protocol. This elimination makes the protocol more practicable and user friendly. A detailed analysis of the protocol discusses multiple attack scenarios
超声波与冲击波促进骨折愈合的基础研究与临床应用
2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe
Revisit of the Cardiac Inward Rectifier Potassium Current IK1
Inward rectifier potassium currents are present in different types of cells. In the heart, the inward rectifier
potassium current IK1 plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiac resting membrane potential and excitability. It is
generally believed that the strong inward rectification of cardiac IK1 channels makes it conduct substantial current near the resting potential but carry little or no current at depolarized potentials. However, recent studies in native cardiac myocytes and HEK 293 cell line stably expressing human Kir2.1 gene have demonstrated that a significant transient outward current carried by IK1 channels is activated by the upstroke of action potential. This review will revisit cardiac IK1 channels, especially the previously-ignored transient outward component of IK1 carried by Kir2.1 channels.published_or_final_versio
On mechanical properties of metallic glass and its liquid vitrification characteristics
A systematic survey of the available data such as elastic constants, density, molar mass, and glass transition temperature of 45 metallic glasses is conducted. It is found that a critical strain controlling the onset of plastic deformation is material-independent. However, the correlation between elastic constants of solid glass and vitrification characteristics of its liquid does not follow a simple linear relation, and a characteristic volume, viz. molar volume, maybe relating to the characteristic size of a shear transformation zone (STZ), should be involved
Phylogenetic diversity and relationships among species of genus Nicotiana using RAPDs analysis
Fifty six Nicotiana species were used to construct phylogenetic trees and to asses the genetic relationships between them. Genetic distances estimated from RAPD analysis was used to construct phylogenetic trees using Phylogenetic Inference Package (PHYLIP). Since phylogenetic relationships estimated for closely related species are more reliable than that estimated for distantly related species,analyses were conducted separately for groups of taxonomically related species. The results of the present investigation are broadly similar to the inferences by Goodspeed (1954) on the divergence andevolution of Nicotiana species. As would be expected, species included in the same or related subgeneric sections showed greater genetic affinity than species included in distant subgeneric sections. Available information on the geographical distribution of species, their karyotype differentiation in evolution, genome size variation and chromosome affinity in interspecific hybrids were used to interpret the results. The study has confirmed that the RAPD analysis is suitable for studying phylogenetic relationships between related species
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