NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Influência da brisa terra-mar no período de saturação da umidade do ar no interior de dois seringais de cultivo em Ubatuba(SP) Influence of the land-sea breese on the saturation period of the relative humidity inside two adult rubber tree plantations in Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Avaliou-se, em Ubatuba(SP), a influência da brisa terra-mar no número de horas com umidade relativa igual ou superior a 90% (NHUR > 90%) no interior de dois seringais [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss) Müell Arg.] adultos: um próximo à praia (800 m) e outro distante 5.000 m. Para o período estudado, os resultados demonstraram uma redução significativa do NHUR > 90%, 50% em média, no seringal próximo à praia. A diferença ficou mais evidente, 71,4% em média, quando se analisaram apenas os dias não chuvosos, a fim de desconsiderar a saturação atmosférica devida à chuva. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a advecção condicionada pela brisa terra-mar é fator aerodinâmico de mesoescala que interfere no início e no final da saturação da umidade atmosférica, reduzindo a duração do período de molhamento das folhas.<br>It was studied the influence of the land-sea breese on the duration of relative humidity equal to or higher than 90% (NHUR > 90%) inside two adult rubber tree plantations [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss) Müell Arg.]: one located near the shore (800 m) and other approximately 5,000 m away. It was found a significant reduction of NHUR > 90% in the plantation near the shore. This reduction was even more evident in clear nights, without rainfall effect. It is assumed that the advection of land-sea breese interferes at the starting and final moments of the humidity saturation, decreasing the leaf wettness duration period

Perfil microbiológico, celular e fatores de risco associados à mastite subclínica em cabras no semiárido da Paraíba Cellular and microbiological profiles and risk factors for subclinical mastitis in goats in the semi-arid region of Paraíba

Foi realizado um estudo da mastite subclínica em nove rebanhos de cabras leiteiras no semiárido paraibano com o objetivo de determinar a ocorrência da infecção, avaliar o perfil microbiológico e celular do leite, testar a sensibilidade dos microorganismos isolados frente a antimicrobianos além de identificar os fatores de risco. Foram utilizadas 131 cabras leiteiras das quais foram colhidas 261 amostras de leite para exame microbiológico e 131 para contagem de células somáticas (CCS). Na ocasião das colheitas foi realizado o California Mastitis Test (CMT) e aplicado um questionário epidemiológico por propriedade. Houve crescimento bacteriano em 30 amostras (11,49%) com 25 (83,33%) dos isolados identificados como Staphylococcus coagulase negativa e cinco (16,66%) Staphylococcus aureus. A média de CCS foi de 1,39x10(6) células/ml. O CMT apresentou baixa sensibilidade (46,7%) e baixa especificidade (60,6%) quando comparado ao exame microbiológico. A gentamicina e a associação da neomicina, bacitracina e tetraciclina foram os antimicrobianos contra os quais os microrganismos isolados apresentaram 100% de sensibilidade. Penicilina e ampicilina foram os de maiores índices de resistência (66,67% e 63,89%, respectivamente). A caprinocultura não ser a atividade principal da propriedade e o não isolamento de animais doentes, foram identificados como fatores de risco para a mastite subclínica caprina nas propriedades estudadas. Programas de controle e profilaxia da mastite devem ser implementados enfocando as medidas de higiene na ordenha e correção dos fatores de risco identificados nesse estudo.<br>A subclinical mastitis study was conducted in nine dairy goat herds in the semi-arid region of Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil, to determine the occurrence of infection, to evaluate microbiological and cellular profiles of the milk, to test the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antimicrobials, and to identify risk factors. One hundred thirty-one dairy goats were used, 261 samples were collected for microbiological culture and 131 samples for somatic cells count (SCC). During collection, the California Mastitis Test (CMT) was conducted and an epidemiological questionnaire was applied for each herd. There was bacterial growth in 30 samples (11.49%), with 25 (83.33%) coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and five (16.66%) Staphylococcus aureus isolated. The SCC mean was 1.39x10(6) cells/ml. CMT presented low sensitivity (46.7%) and low specificity (60.6%) compared with microbiological culture. Gentamicin and the association of neomycin, bacitracin and tetracyclin were the antimicrobials against which the microorganisms isolated showed 100% sensitivity. Penicillin and ampicillin had the greatest resistance rates (66.67% and 63.89%, respectively). Goat breeding is not the main activity on the farms and do not isolate diseased animals were identified as risk factors for caprine subclinical mastitis. Program for the control and prophylaxis of mastitis must be implemented focusing primarily on hygiene cares at milking and correction of the risk factors identified in this study