Measurement and correction of on- and off-momentum beta functions at KEKB

Optics correction is an important issue in the KEKB B-factory. Especially, the correction of beta functions is performed so as to reach near half-integer resonance of the horizontal betatron tune as closely as possible. Consequently, the luminosity can be improved during experiments of the B-meson in e^{+}e^{-} collisions. Therefore, we have developed a correction method of the beta function not only at the designed beam energy, but also at an energy deviated from the nominal value. We present the procedures used to measure the behavior of the beta function, which depends on the momentum deviation, and the results compared with the model optics in the KEKB rings

Possible involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the gene expression of Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5

Cytochrome P450 gene expression is altered by various chemical compounds. In this study, we used nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)–deficient (Nrf2−⧸−) mice to investigate the involvement of Nrf2 in Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5 gene expression. Phorone, an Nrf2 activator, strongly increased Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5 mRNA as well as Nrf2 target genes, including NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase-1 and heme oxygenase-1, in wild-type mouse livers 8 h after treatment. The phorone-induced mRNA levels in Nrf2−⧸− mouse livers were lower than that in wild-type mouse livers. Nrf2−⧸− mice showed attenuated Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5 induction by phenobarbital, a classical Cyp2b inducer. These findings suggest that the Nrf2 pathway is involved in Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5 gene expression

Off-momentum Optics at SuperKEKB

The nano-beam scheme can squeeze the vertical beta function at the IP much smaller than the bunch length. It implies that the large chromaticity is generated in the vicinity of the final focus quadrupole magnets and the strong sextupoles are adopted to correct the chromaticity, for instance the local chromaticity corrections. While understanding of the off-momentum optics is important to optimize the dynamic aperture to make Touschek lifetime long and to reduce the luminosity degradation due to chromatic behaviors. In general, there is a discrepancy between measurements and those obtained from the optics model. The chromatic phase-advance is introduced to measure the off-momentum optics and correct by using sextupole magnets

SuperKEKB Optics Measurements Using Turn-by-Turn Beam Position Data

SuperKEKB, an asymmetric electron-positron collider, has recently achieved the world record instantaneous luminosity of 2.8 × 10³⁴ \si{cm⁻²s⁻¹} using crab-waist collision scheme. In order to reach the design value of 6×10³⁵ \si{cm⁻²s⁻¹} a vertical beta function at the interaction point of §I{0.3}{mm} is required, demanding unprecedented optics control. Turn-by-turn beam position data could enable fast optics measurements for rapid identification of unexpected error sources. Experiments exploring various data acquisition techniques at different squeezing steps during commissioning are presented and compared to results obtained from closed orbit distortion