26,198 research outputs found
Transverse self-modulation of ultra-relativistic lepton beams in the plasma wakefield accelerator
The transverse self-modulation of ultra-relativistic, long lepton bunches in
high-density plasmas is explored through full-scale particle-in-cell
simulations. We demonstrate that long SLAC-type electron and positron bunches
can become strongly self-modulated over centimeter distances, leading to wake
excitation in the blowout regime with accelerating fields in excess of 20 GV/m.
We show that particles energy variations exceeding 10 GeV can occur in
meter-long plasmas. We find that the self-modulation of positively and
negatively charged bunches differ when the blowout is reached. Seeding the
self-modulation instability suppresses the competing hosing instability. This
work reveals that a proof-of-principle experiment to test the physics of bunch
self-modulation can be performed with available lepton bunches and with
existing experimental apparatus and diagnostics.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Physics of Plasma
Scaling of the magnetic response in doped antiferromagnets
A theory of the anomalous scaling of the dynamic magnetic response
in cuprates at low doping is presented. It is based on the memory function
representation of the dynamical spin suceptibility in a doped antiferromagnet
where the damping of the collective mode is constant and large, whereas the
equal-time spin correlations saturate at low . Exact diagonalization results
within the t-J model are shown to support assumptions. Consequences, both for
the scaling function and the normalization amplitude, are well in agreement
with neutron scattering results.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Actin assembly ruptures the nuclear envelope by prying the lamina away from nuclear pores and nuclear membranes in starfish oocytes.
The nucleus of oocytes (germinal vesicle) is unusually large and its nuclear envelope (NE) is densely packed with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) stockpiled for embryonic development. We showed that breakdown of this specialized NE is mediated by an Arp2/3-nucleated F-actin 'shell' in starfish oocytes, in contrast to microtubule-driven tearing in mammalian fibroblasts. Here, we address the mechanism of F-actin-driven NE rupture by correlated live-cell, super-resolution and electron microscopy. We show that actin is nucleated within the lamina sprouting filopodia-like spikes towards the nuclear membranes. These F-actin spikes protrude pore-free nuclear membranes, whereas the adjoining membrane stretches accumulate NPCs associated with the still-intact lamina. Packed NPCs sort into a distinct membrane network, while breaks appear in ER-like, pore-free regions. Thereby, we reveal a new function for actin-mediated membrane shaping in nuclear rupture that is likely to have implications in other contexts such as nuclear rupture observed in cancer cells
Localization and delocalization errors in density functional theory and implications for band-gap prediction
The band-gap problem and other systematic failures of approximate functionals
are explained from an analysis of total energy for fractional charges. The
deviation from the correct intrinsic linear behavior in finite systems leads to
delocalization and localization errors in large or bulk systems. Functionals
whose energy is convex for fractional charges such as LDA display an incorrect
apparent linearity in the bulk limit, due to the delocalization error. Concave
functionals also have an incorrect apparent linearity in the bulk calculation,
due to the localization error and imposed symmetry. This resolves an important
paradox and opens the possibility to obtain accurate band-gaps from DFT.Comment: 4 pages 4 figure
The discontinuous nature of the exchange-correlation functional -- critical for strongly correlated systems
Standard approximations for the exchange-correlation functional have been
found to give big errors for the linearity condition of fractional charges,
leading to delocalization error, and the constancy condition of fractional
spins, leading to static correlation error. These two conditions are now
unified for states with both fractional charge and fractional spin: the exact
energy functional is a plane, linear along the fractional charge coordinate and
constant along the fractional spin coordinate with a line of discontinuity at
the integer. This sheds light on the nature of the derivative discontinuity and
calls for explicitly discontinuous functionals of the density or orbitals that
go beyond currently used smooth approximations. This is key for the application
of DFT to strongly correlated systems.Comment: 5 pages 2 figure
Effects of antiferromagnetic planes on the superconducting properties of multilayered high-Tc cuprates
We propose a mechanism for high critical temperature (T_c) in the coexistent
phase of superconducting- (SC) and antiferromagnetic (AF) CuO_2 planes in
multilayered cuprates. The Josephson coupling between the SC planes separated
by an AF insulator (Mott insulator) is calculated perturbatively up to the
fourth order in terms of the hopping integral between adjacent CuO_2 planes. It
is shown that the AF exchange splitting in the AF plane suppresses the
so-called pi-Josephson coupling, and the long-ranged 0-Josephson coupling leads
to coexistence with a rather high value of T_c.Comment: 4 pages including 4 figure
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