Aspectos da nutrição relacionados com a criação de suínos em fase de creche, crescimento e terminação em granjas do Sul do Brasil.

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A cadeia produtiva da carne bovina brasileira e a segurança alimentar: um olhar para os insumos produtivos.

The alignment of food production systems with the trends and demands of the world population plays an important global role. This study aims to discuss the convergence of trends related to the Brazilian beef cattle supply chain from a food security perspective. Therefore, it includes important reports on the future of this supply chain and its input production, taking on a qualitative approach to consider trends in animal health, genetics, nutrition, forage, and farm machinery in terms of the development of Brazilian agriculture and the future of food and agribusiness. From a managerial point of view, it was possible to provide information capable of leading to a sustainable understanding. Thus, a content analysis of the documents was carried out, coding them through the Sustainable Development Goals and categorizing them by taking into account the 2030 Agenda?s five Ps (people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnerships). Along this line, the discussion highlights the themes of poverty and climate change, emphasizing them with regard to the categorization social aspects ? the P of people). Future trends will require a workforce prepared to deal with the additional limitations that can arise with the use of new technologies as productivity increases

Emergent research themes on sustainability in the beef cattle industry in Brazil: an integrative literature review.

Abstract - Brazil is one of the world’s biggest beef producers and its largest exporter. However, beef cattle ranching is a leading cause of deforestation and habitat conversion in the Brazilian Amazon, which challenges sustainable development. We adopted the triple bottom line (TBL) as a guiding theory of sustainability and assumed the necessity of a production system-specific approach. Based on an integrative literature analysis, we aimed to assess sustainability pillars in beef cattle production. The Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases were searched for studies on mitigating the adverse impacts of beef cattle production before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. We found 108 references in these databases, 46 of which met the criteria for eligibility assessment, and ten studies were selected for textual cluster analysis and thematic synthesis. The review shows emergent research themes on sustainability in beef cattle production. It also elaborates a conceptual model of the sustainability pillars in the technique, science, and social aspects of the beef cattle sector that may guide the managerial and political strategies for the beef cattle supply chain in Brazil and other emerging markets. This study indicates that sustainable beef cattle development requires new digital technologies and ideas about sustainable supply chain management, which provides human, environmental, and animal welfare

Genes diferencialmente expressos no transcriptoma de suínos normais e afetados com hérnia escrotal.

Resumo: A incidência de hérnias escrotais em suínos é preocupante para a indústria suinícola devido a perdas econômicas significativas e ao impacto negativo no bem-estar animal. As vias metabólicas e os genes envolvidos nessa patologia permanecem pouco conhecidos. Na tentativa de esclarecer os mecanismos genéticos envolvidos na ocorrência da hérnia escrotal em suínos, objetivou-se identificar os genes diferencialmente expressos entre suínos normais e afetados por essa anomalia, por meio da tecnologia de RNA-Seq. Foram utilizados 8 suínos da raça Landrace (4 normais e 4 com hérnia escrotal). O sequenciamento do mRNA foi realizado em equipamento HiSeq 2500 da Illumina. Os genes diferencialmente expressos foram obtidos utilizando-se o pacote EdgeR, com base no False Discovery Rate (FDR≤ 0,05). Um total de 13.035 genes foi expresso no tecido herniário e não herniário dos suínos, dos quais 644 foram diferencialmente expressos entre os suínos normais e afetados. Após a análise de ontologia gênica (GO), alguns genes candidatos foram prospectados. O conhecimento dos genes que controlam esse distúrbio pode apoiar estratégias de melhoramento para a redução dessa anomalia na produção de suínos. Abstract: The incidence of scrotal hernias in pigs is a concern to the pig industry due to the significant economic losses and the negative impact on welfare. The genetic pathways and genes involved in this pathology remain unknown. To better understand the genetic mechanisms involved in the occurrence of scrotal hernia in pigs, the aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes between normal and affected pigs with this anomaly, using RNA-Seq technology. In this study, Landrace pigs were used (4 normal and 4 with scrotal hernia). Sequencing of mRNA was performed in the Illumina HiSeq 2500 equipment. Differentially expressed genes were obtained using the EdgeR package, based on the False Discovery Rate (FDR≤0.05). A total of 13,035 genes were found to be expressed in the hernial and nonhernial tissue. From those, 644 differentially expressed genes were identified between normal and affected pigs. After gene ontology analyses, some candidate genes were prospected. The knowledge of the genes that control this disorder could support breeding strategies for reducing this anomaly in the pig production

The involvement of muscle-related genes in the occurrence of scrotal hernia in pigs.

Abstract: The incidence of scrotal hernia is still a problem in the swine production, leading to economic losses and reducing the animal welfare. Although some QTLs and candidate genes have already been associated to scrotal hernia, the genetic mechanisms and genes controlling this pathology remain to be clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to identify genes involved in the scrotal hernia occurrence in pigs. Thus, two experiments were performed: 1) RNA-Seq analysis of the inguinal ring tissue from eight 60-days-old Landrace pigs (4 healthy and 4 affected with scrotal hernia) that were sequenced in the Illumina HiSeq 2500 and 2) quantitative PCR (qPCR) of 8 candidate genes chosen from the inguinal ring transcriptome in 18 MS115 30-days-old pigs (9 normal and 9 affected with scrotal hernia). Based on the differentially expressed (DE) genes in this transcriptome, some candidate genes related to muscle development biological processes (BP), including the muscle structure (ACTA1), intracellular transport (RYR1, MYBPC1), cell adhesion (COL13A1) and apoptosis (MAP1LC3) were found. The expression profile of the DE genes was consistent with the anatomical alterations related to the scrotal hernia development, such as the weakness of the inguinal canal and non-obliteration of the processus vaginalis. In the qPCR analysis, the MYH1 was the only DE gene identified. The downregulation of the MYH1gene might be one of the possible causes of scrotal hernia in swine since its expression had already been reduced in 30-days-old affected pigs. Therefore, the DE genes identified in our study related to muscle development bioprocesses are possibly involved in the occurrence of scrotal hernia in pigs. Resumo: A incidência de hérnia escrotal ainda é um problema na produção de suínos, levando a perdas econômicas e reduzindo o bem-estar animal. Embora alguns QTLs e genes candidatos já tenham sido associados à hérnia escrotal, os mecanismos genéticos e os genes que controlam esta patologia ainda precisam ser esclarecidos. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar genes envolvidos na ocorrência de hérnia escrotal em suínos. Assim, foram realizadas duas experiências: 1) Análise de RNA-Seq do tecido anelar inguinal de oito suínos Landrace com 60 dias de idade (4 saudáveis ??e 4 afetados com hérnia escrotal) que foram sequenciados no Illumina HiSeq 2500 e 2) PCR quantitativa (qPCR) de 8 genes candidatos escolhidos do transcriptoma do anel inguinal em 18 porcos MS115 com 30 dias de idade (9 normais e 9 afetados com hérnia escrotal). Com base nos genes diferencialmente expressos (DE) neste transcriptoma, alguns genes candidatos relacionaram-se aos processos biológicos (BP) de desenvolvimento muscular, incluindo a estrutura muscular (ACTA1), transporte intracelular (RYR1, MYBPC1), adesão celular (COL13A1) e apoptose ( MAP1LC3) foram encontrados. O perfil de expressão dos genes DE foi consistente com as alterações anatômicas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da hérnia escrotal, como a fraqueza do canal inguinal e a não obliteração do processo vaginal. Na análise qPCR, o MYH1 foi o único gene DE identificado. O downregulation do gene MYH1 pode ser uma das possíveis causas de hérnia escrotal em suínos, uma vez que sua expressão já havia sido reduzida em suínos afetados com 30 dias de idade. Portanto, os genes DE identificados em nosso estudo relacionados a bioprocessos de desenvolvimento muscular estão possivelmente envolvidos na ocorrência de hérnia escrotal em suínos

CYP24A1 and TRPC3 gene expression in kidneys and their involvement in calcium and phosphate metabolism in laying hens.

Ca and P homeostasis across the egg-laying cycle is a complex process involving absorption in the small intestine, reabsorption/excretion in the kidneys, and eggshell gland secretion. Diets with inadequate calcium and phosphorus can interfere with their absorption and digestibility, resulting in eggshell quality losses and reduced productive life, affecting egg production and welfare. A better understanding of gene expression profiles in the kidneys of laying hens during the late egg-laying period could clarify the renal role in mineral metabolism at this late stage. Therefore, the performance, egg quality and bone integrity-related traits, and expression profiles of kidney candidate genes were evaluated in 73-week-old laying hens receiving different Ca and P ratios in their diet: a high Ca/P ratio (HR, 22.43), a low ratio (LR, 6.71), and a medium ratio (MR, 11.43). The laying hens receiving the HR diet had improved egg production and eggshell quality traits compared to the other two groups. Humerus length was shorter in the HR than in the other groups. The CYP24A1 and TRPC3 genes were differentially expressed (p.adj ≤ 0.05) among the groups. Therefore, their expression profiles could be involved in calcium and phosphate transcellular transport in 73-week-old laying hens as a way to keep mineral absorption at adequate levels