NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Descrição anatômica da língua do mão-pelada (Procyon cancrivorus) Anatomical description of the crab-eating raccoon tongue - (Procyon cancrivorus)

O mão-pelada é um mamífero da família Procyonidae com poucas descrições anatômicas detalhadas a seu respeito. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever, anatomicamente, a língua do mão-pelada, proporcionando base para futuros estudos clínico-cirúrgicos, além de contribuir com a anatomia comparada de carnívoros. Foram utilizadas as línguas de dois exemplares de mãos-pelada, fixados em formaldeído a 10%. A língua do mão-pelada possui, em média, 9,5cm de comprimento, é alongada e apresenta um sulco mediano pouco evidente. Possui lissa, quatro pares de papilas valadas na raiz lingual e um par no corpo, várias papilas fungiformes e cônicas no corpo e raiz e papilas filiformes pouco desenvolvidas e presentes principalmente no ápice. Outros três pares de papilas, sugestivas de serem papilas valadas, foram observadas na região lateral da base lingual. A língua do mão-pelada possui algumas características anatômicas similares às do cão, como a presença da lissa e a disposição das papilas, com exceção das folhadas, as quais não foram observadas.<br>The crab-eating raccoon is a mammal of the Procyonidae family of rare anatomical descriptions about it. This paper aimed to anatomically describe the crab-eating raccoon's tongue, providing data on future clinical and surgical studies, besides contributing to the carnivores compared anatomy. Two tongues were used after formaldehyde fixation. Crab-eating raccoon's tongue is, in average, 9.5cm in length; it is elongated and with a less evident median sulcus. It presents lyssa, four pairs of vallate papillae in the root and one pair in the body, several fungiform and conical papillae in the body and root and less developed filiform papillae in the apex, mainly. Other three papillae pairs, taken as vallates, were observed in the lateral area of the tongue root. The crab-eating raccoon's tongue presents some anatomical aspects which are similar to the dog's, as the lyssa and the distribution of papilae, but foliates, which were not observed

Desempenho produtivo de ovinos alimentados com dietas à base de feno de gramíneas tropicais Performance of sheep fed tropical grass hay based diets

O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo e o consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes em ovinos confinados e alimentados com dietas à base de fenos das gramíneas: capim-elefante, capim-buffel, capim-milhã-roxa e capim-urochloa. Foram utilizados 32 animais da raça Santa Inês (16 machos e 16 femeas) com peso médio de 26,5 kg. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, sendo cada repetição composta por dois animais. Os animais apresentaram respostas semelhantes para todos os parâmetros avaliados. O ganho de peso foi semelhante entre as dietas estudadas, sendo o valor médio para ganho de peso de 95 g/animal/dia. Não foram observadas diferenças nos consumos de matéria seca e fibra detergente neutro entre as várias dietas estudadas. As dietas à base de feno de milhã-roxa permitiram maior consumo de proteína bruta. Concluiu-se que os fenos avaliados podem ser utilizados na alimentação de ovinos.<br>A study was conducted to evaluate the performance and the dry matter and nutrients intake in feedlot sheep fed diets with different levels of hray from tropical grasses: elephantgrass, buffelgrass, "milhã-roxa" and "urochloa"grass. Santa Inês hairy sheep (16 males and 16 females; average weight = 26,5 kg). A completely randomized design, with four replicates and two animals per experimental unit, was used. Males and females showed the same response to all treatments. Weight gain was similar for all diets, with an average of 95 g/animal/day. Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intake were not different among all treatments. However, diets with "milhã-rôxa" hay were associated to the highest crude protein intake. It was concluded that all types of hay can be used for feedlot sheep