Plasmapheresis As A Therapy For Relapsed Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (fsgs) After Kidney Transplantation: Case Report And A Review Of The Literature [plasmaférese Como Tratamento De Glomeruloesclerose Segmentar Focal (gesf) Recorrente Após Transplante Renal. Relato De Caso E Revisão Da Literatura]

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a renal disease characterized by a nephrotic syndrome frequently evolving to endstage renal failure. At this stage, renal transplantation, using either cadaver or live donors, is the only therapeutic option. However, after renal transplantation relapse is high, at a rate of 50% on average. The cause seems to be related to a peripheral humoral factor responsible for increasing glomerular permeability. The clearance of this factor by apheresis is today considered a good therapeutic option. We describe the case of a 12-year-old male patient, with relapsed FSGS after renal transplantation, who was treated by plasmapheresis. After five procedures a sustained improvement in the renal function was obtained. Reports published on plasmapheresis for the treatment of FSGS before and after renal transplantation are still limited to short-term results involving a small number of patients. Some predictive factors for good responses were identified by several investigators including the early start of treatment after relapse and lower ages. The number of plasmapheretic procedures to reach remission varies widely, and should be determined on a case to case basis. Another possibility presented by some investigators is prophylactic plasmapheresis, but this still lacks evidence on efficacy. This case report is an example of FSGS with a good response to plasmapheretic procedures, showing a potential benefit of this treatment. However, further controlled studies involving a higher number of patients are necessary.292193197Wehrmann, M., Bohle, A., Held, H., Schumm, G., Kendziorra, H., Pressler, H., Long-term prognosis of focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis. 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Infliximab Reduces Cardiac Output In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Without Heart Failure [infliximabe Reduz Débito Cardíaco Em Pacientes Com Artrite Reumatoide Sem Insuficiência Cardíaca]

Objective: Human anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) monoclonal antibody (infliximab) is used to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the risk of worsening heart failure has been described in patients under chronic treatment, the acute cardiovascular effects of this drug are unknown in RA patients without heart failure. Methods: 14 RA patients with normal echocardiography and no history of heart failure were evaluated during the 2-hour infliximab (3-5 mg/kg) infusion period, using a noninvasive hemodynamic beat-to-beat system (Portapres). Stroke volume (SV); systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures (SBP, DBP and MBP, respectively); cardiac output (CO); heart rate (HR); and total peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) were recorded. All patients also received saline infusion instead of infliximab as a control. Significant differences in hemodynamic parameters were determined using Tuckey's test. All values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results: Fourteen RA patients (6M/8F) with mean age of 47.2 ± 8.8 years were evaluated. A significant decrease was found in cardiac output and stroke volume (7.04 ± 2.3 to 6.12 ± 2.1 l/min and 91 ± 29.0 to 83 ± 28.8 mL/beat, respectively) after infliximab infusion. Although not statistically significant, a progressive increase was detected in SBP, DBP and total PVR during infusion. Saline infusion did not cause significant hemodynamic changes in the same group of RA patients. No adverse effects were observed during the infusion period. Conclusion: Acute infliximab administration decreased cardiac output due to low stroke volume in RA patients without heart disease. The results also demonstrated that, in spite of its negative inotropic effect, infliximab enhanced BP, probably by increasing PVR. © 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. 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