Valoração econômica da perda de solo na cultura de cana-de-açúcar colhida crua e queimada no município de Campos dos Goytacazes.

Este trabalho foi realizado no Município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ e teve como objetivo valorar economicamente as perdas de solo em relação aos nutrientes perdidos na cultura de cana-de-açúcar sob dois sistemas distintos de colheita, cana-de-açúcar crua e queimada em áreas de baixada e de tabuleiro. Utilizou-se a Universal Soil Loss Equation ? USLE e o método do custo de reposição de nutrientes, para realizar a estimação econômica das perdas de solo. Os resultados mostram que a taxa de perda de solo da cana-de-açúcar queimada foi quatro vezes maior quando comparada à taxa para cana-de-açúcar colhida crua para ambas as áreas estudadas. O custo de reposição dos nutrientes perdidos no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar sob sistema de colheita com queima prévia apresentou um valor de R$10,53 por hectare, já o custo para área com cana crua foi de R$ 2,61 por hectare em área de baixada e de R$43,59 por hectare para cana queimada e R$ 10,89 para cana crua em tabuleiro. Dessa forma, o sistema de manejo da colheita da cana crua contribui ambientalmente e economicamente para a preservação da fertilidade do solo

Dirac fermions on wires confined to the graphene Moebius strip

We investigate the effects of the curved geometry on a massless relativistic electron constrained to a graphene strip with a Moebius strip shape. The anisotropic and parity-violating geometry of the Moebius band produces a geometric potential that inherits these features. By considering wires along the strip width and the strip length, we find exact solutions for the Dirac equation and the effects of the geometric potential on the electron were explored. In both cases, the geometric potential yields to a geometric phase on the wave function. Along the strip width, the density of states depends on the direction chosen for the wire, a consequence of the lack of axial symmetry. Moreover, the breaking of the parity symmetry enables the electronic states to be concentrated on the inner or on the outer portion of the strip. For wires along the strip length, the nontrivial topology influences the eigenfunctions by modifying their periodicity. It turns out that the ground state has a period of $4\pi$ whereas the first excited state is a $2\pi$ periodic function. Moreover, we found that the energy levels are half-integer multiples of the energy of the ground state.Comment: 27 pages, 14 captioned figures. To appear in Physical Review

Space and Ground Based Pulsation Data of Eta Bootis Explained with Stellar Models Including Turbulence

The space telescope MOST is now providing us with extremely accurate low frequency p-mode oscillation data for the star Eta Boo. We demonstrate in this paper that these data, when combined with ground based measurements of the high frequency p-mode spectrum, can be reproduced with stellar models that include the effects of turbulence in their outer layers. Without turbulence, the l=0 modes of our models deviate from either the ground based or the space data by about 1.5-4.0 micro Hz. This discrepancy can be completely removed by including turbulence in the models and we can exactly match 12 out of 13 MOST frequencies that we identified as l=0 modes in addition to 13 out of 21 ground based frequencies within their observational 2 sigma tolerances. The better agreement between model frequencies and observed ones depends for the most part on the turbulent kinetic energy which was taken from a 3D convection simulation for the Sun.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, ApJ in pres

Three-point correlation functions from semiclassical circular strings

The strong-coupling limit of three-point correlation functions of local operators can be analyzed beyond the supergravity regime using vertex operators representing spinning string states. When two of the vertex operators correspond to heavy string states having large quantum numbers, while the third operator corresponds to a light state with fixed charges, the correlator can be computed in the large string tension limit by means of a semiclassical approximation. We study the case when the heavy string states are circular string solutions with one AdS_5 spin and three different angular momenta along S^5, for several choices of the light string state.Comment: 13 pages. Latex. v2: Misprints corrected and references adde

Superficial Femoral Artery Recanalization with Self-expanding Nitinol Stents: Long-term Follow-up Results

PurposeSince long-term patency and device integrity of nitinol stents in SFA lesions are not well studied, we examined clinical outcome, patency and device integrity after stenting long lesions using a standardized implantation technique.MethodsBetween 2001 and 2006, 59 patients (74 lesions) were treated with the same nitinol self-expandable stent (Zilver, Cook, USA) and technique for SFA recanalization. Clinical charts and imaging were retrospectively reviewed for patency (primary and assisted-primary), and device integrity.ResultsPatients were 74.5 (10.9) years old (range 49 to 93), 64% male, 42% diabetic, 62% hypertensive and 67% current or former smokers. Lesions were 23% TASC B, 16% TASC C, or 61% TASC D. Mean recanalization length was 19cm (range 3 to 53). Mean number of stents per patient was 2.8 (total 210). Mean follow-up time was 2.4 years (range 3 days to 4.8 years). Kaplan-Meier estimates for primary patency rates were 90%, 78%, 74%, 69%, and 69% at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 4.8 years, respectively. Ten restenoses at a mean of 500 (388) days (1–1251 days) were successfully recanalized. The assisted primary patency rates were 96%, 90%, 90%, 90% and 90% at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years, respectively. Six complete occlusions could not be reverted by a second recanalization procedure, and were treated by surgical bypass (1 case), amputation (3 cases), or medical management (2 cases). One (1.04%) Class II stent fracture was noted.ConclusionsSFA recanalization with a standardized implantation technique and nitinol stents provides good long-term primary and assisted-primary patency

Accelerating towards P. vivax elimination with a novel serological test-and-treat strategy: a modelling case study in Brazil

BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax malaria is challenging to control and eliminate. Treatment with radical cure drugs fails to target the hidden asymptomatic and hypnozoite reservoirs in populations. PvSeroTAT, a novel serological test-and-treat intervention using a serological diagnostic to screen hypnozoite carriers for radical cure eligibility and treatment, could accelerate P. vivax elimination. METHODS: Using a previously developed mathematical model of P. vivax transmission adapted to the Brazilian context as a case study for implementation, we evaluate the public health impact of various deployment strategies of PvSeroTAT as a mass campaign. We compare relative reductions in prevalence, cases averted, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) tests, and treatment doses of PvSeroTAT campaigns to strengthened case management alone or mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns across different settings. FINDINGS: Deploying a single round of PvSeroTAT with 80% coverage to treat cases with a high efficacy radical cure regimen with primaquine is predicted to reduce point population prevalence by 22.5% [95% UI: 20.2%-24.8%] in a peri-urban setting with high transmission and by 25.2% [95% UI: 9.6%-42.2%] in an occupational setting with moderate transmission. In the latter example, while a single PvSeroTAT achieves 9.2% less impact on prevalence and averts 300 less cases per 100,000 than a single MDA (25.2% [95% UI: 9.6%-42.2%] point prevalence reduction versus 34.4% [95% UI: 24.9%-44%]), PvSeroTAT requires 4.6 times less radical cure treatments and G6PD tests. Layering strengthened case management and deploying four rounds of PvSeroTAT six months apart is predicted to reduce point prevalence by a mean of 74.1% [95% UI: 61.3%-86.3%] or more in low transmission settings with less than 10 cases per 1000 population. INTERPRETATION: Modelling predicts that mass campaigns with PvSeroTAT are predicted to reduce P. vivax parasite prevalence across a range of transmission settings and require fewer resources than MDA. In combination with strengthened case management, mass campaigns of serological test-and-treat interventions can accelerate towards P. vivax elimination. FUNDING: This project was funded in part by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the National Health and Medical Research Council

Metodologia de estimativa do consumo e digestibilidade em ruminantes usando marcadores nalcano e dióxido de titânio.

Em estudos de metábolismo animal, o consumo e a digestibilídade, são importantes parâmetros para a avaliação do componente nutricional e comportamental, contudo, a obtenção de informações diretas, de forma desejada, são prejudicadas por técnicas de coleta excessivamente laboriosas, e custosas, como a coleta total de fezes. Existem diversos traçadores de consumo e digestibilidade, classificados entre: interno e externo. O desenvolvimento de metodologias utilizando n-Alcano e Dióxido de Titânio, apontam estes como os marcadores mais utilizados. Fez-se um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos disponíveis em bases nacionais e internacionais, que adotaram metodologias utilizadas na Rede PECUS-PC7 ?Dinâmica de gases de efeito estufa em sistemas de produção pecuária do Bioma Amazônia?. Na Unidade de Pesquisa Animal Senador Álvaro Adolpho, localizada na cidade de Belém, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. O elemento traçador empregado para a determinação da digestibilidade e do consumo animal foram, o n-Alcano, e o Dióxido de Titânio, o procedimento utilizado para fazer a amostragem das fezes, foi de coleta direta do reto, respeitando os mesmos horários da introdução das capsulas no rúmen dos animais. A partir do levantamento de publicações nas bases de dados disponíveis foi possível contabilizar 581 trabalhos realizados entre 2000 e 2014, confirmam a utilização de maneira mais ativa, dos marcadores internos (n-Alcano) e externos (dióxido de titânio) para avaliar consumo e digestibilidade, via mensuração fecal.VII ENAAg

Avaliação de consumo de farelo da torta de amêndoa de palma de óleo em bubalinos.

O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo diário em bubalinos suplementados com torta de amêndoa de Palma de Óleo para subsidiar estratégias de adoção desses subprodutos nas dietas dos animais. Na Fazenda Senador Álvaro Adolpho da Embrapa/Projeto PECUS, participou-se de experimentos com 4 búfalos em delineamento experimental fatorial de 4 animais x 4 tratamentos. Dietas foram fornecidas em cochos e as sobras eram pesadas e analisadas. Foram aplicadas 4 dietas, sendo uma sem farelo da torta de Palma de Óleo (dieta controle) e, três com diferentes proporções de farelo de amêndoa. Os quatro animais participaram do rodízio de dietas, nas quatro fases, desse planejamento experimental que durava 20 dias cada fase. Na primeira fase, os resultados evidenciaram que nos primeiros 9 dias de aplicação das dietas, houve rejeição pelos três animais que receberam suplemento com adição do farelo de amêndoa. Já o farelo de trigo foi preferência unanime para todos os animais quando foram submetidos à dieta controle. Ao receber pela primeira vez o farelo de amêndoa, um animal (n°4) expressou dificuldades em adaptação, deixando em média 1,2 kg no cocho. A dieta que expressou maiores ganhos de peso durante os 90 dias de experimento foi com suplementação farelo de trigo adicionada ao farelo de amêndoa de Palma de óleo. Essas evidências podem ser uma alternativa suplementar, em períodos de baixa oferta de forragem. Dietas utilizando coprodutos de Palma de Óleo permitem a mantença e, podem minimizar as emissões de GEE em períodos de baixa oferta de pastagens.VII ENAAg

Comparison of fundamental positive-sequence detectors for highly distorted and unbalanced systems

This paper presents a performance comparison between a PLL and an Adaptive Filter for detecting the positive sequence at the fundamental frequency of any given voltage or current signals of a three-phase system. The comparative analysis was based on the evaluation of a series of steady state performance parameters (phase and amplitude errors, THD and unbalance) and on the response time. The tests were made to study the behaviour of both approaches when working with highly distorted and unbalanced signals. This work was carried out using the computer simulation tool PSCAD/EMTDC.The authors are grateful to FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), project funding POCTI/ESE/41170/2001