ANALISA KINERJA SIMULASIPROTOTYPE PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO (PLTMH) TURBIN PELTON DITINJAU DARI POSISI ARAH NOSEL TERHADAP DAYA LISTRIK YANG DIHASILKAN

Meningkatnya kebutuhan listrik untuk masyarakat, demi mengatasinya telah banyak dilakukan penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan energi baru terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan. Pemanfaatan energi air salah satu pilihan sebagai energi baru dan ramah lingkungan yang berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan. Salah satu pemanfaatan energi air ialah menggunakan turbin air dan menetapkan posisi arah tembakan air demi memanfaatkan energi potensial dan kecepatan aliran air, salah satunya Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH). Penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap analisa kajian simulasi PLTMH skala laboratorium dengan memanfaatkan energi air dan aplikasi turbin pelton. Variabel tetap berupa posisi arah nosel, debit, dan waktu operasi, sedangkan variabel tak tetap yaitu berupa banyak putaran turbin yang dihasilkan, arus, dan tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan penelitian semakin besar debit aliran air maka semakin besar kecepatan aliran air dari nosel dan energi listrik yang dihasilkan juga semakin besar. Daya listrik yang yang paling besar didapat 14,70 Watt pada posisi arah nosel Overshoot Horizontal, sedangkan untuk posisi arah nosel Overshoot Vertical dan Undershoot didapatkan daya listrik sebesar 14,56 Watt dan 14,00 Watt

Genome-wide linkage and association analysis of cardiometabolic phenotypes in Hispanic Americans

Linkage studies of complex genetic diseases have been largely replaced by Genome-Wide Association studies (GWAS), due in part to limited success in complex trait discovery. However, recent interest in rare and low-frequency variants motivates reexamination of family-based methods. In this study we investigated the performance of two-point linkage analysis for over 1.6 million SNPs combined with single variant association analysis to identify high impact variants which are both strongly linked and associated with cardiometabolic traits in up to 1 414 Hispanics from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS). Evaluation of all 50 phenotypes yielded 83 557 000 LOD scores with 9 214 LOD scores ≥ 3.0, 845 ≥ 4.0, and 89 ≥ 5.0, with a maximal LOD score of 6.49 (rs12956744 in the LAMA1 gene for TNFα receptor 2). Twenty-seven variants were associated with p < 0.005 as well as having a LOD score > 4, including variants in the NFIB gene under a linkage peak with TNFα receptor 2 levels on chromosome 9. Linkage regions of interest included a broad peak (31Mb) on chromosome 1q with acute insulin response (max LOD = 5.37). This region was previously documented with type 2 diabetes in family-based studies, providing support for the validity of these results. Overall, we have demonstrated the utility of two-point linkage and association in comprehensive genome-wide array-based SNP genotypes