Enfermagem e Famílias: conceções e práticas dos enfermeiros em unidades de internamento

Face ao internamento de um membro, as famílias desenvolvem e procuram respostas diferenciadas, das experiências que vão acumulando enquanto sistemas vivos, não é possível ficar indiferente ao afastamento de um elemento da família, até porque sabemos, que este afastamento tem a particularidade de ser, por motivos de sofrimento, dor, incerteza, aproximação da morte e num espaço físico e social diferente do que habitualmente vivemos e procuramos ser felizes. O que nos levou a desenvolver um estudo em torno de um processo formativo In-door, cujo tema central foi a problematização da família em dois serviços de Medicina num hospital de grandes dimensões. Concebemos duas linhas de estudos com objetivos específicos centrados nos enfermeiros e nos familiares e doentes. A finalidade dos estudos centra-se na necessidade de compreender estes processos no ambiente hospitalar. Cada estudo controlou variáveis diferentes face aos atores e assim: satisfação de doentes e familiares, atitudes, stress e conflitos dos enfermeiros, satisfação para com o processo formativo. Os estudos seguiram metodologias de análise quantitativa seguindo um modelo de análise antes e depois de um processo formativo. O processo formativo revelou maior sustentação para a dimensão família como recurso de enfermagem, a qual prevê atitudes de suporte e a atribuição de menor relevância nas atitudes mais desfavoráveis, reveladas pela dimensão Família como um fardo. As situações sentidas como mais stressantes são o medo de errar em algum tratamento e o sofrimento. Os enfermeiros tendem a gerir o conflito com o familiar do utente de modo a beneficiar as duas partes, adotando maioritariamente os estilos Integração e Tendência ao Compromisso. A satisfação aumentou nos clientes homens e nos familiares de ambos os serviços; Os resultados demonstram que a satisfação aumentou depois do processo de formação, em alguns deles até coincidindo com o aumento do envolvimento, porém sem relação evidente, por a satisfação inicial já ser elevada e pela questão do envolvimento ser subjetiva.Given the hospital admission of a family member, families seek to develop differentiated responses, ranging from the experiences accumulated whilst living systems, it is not possible to stay indifferent to the parting of a family member, because we know that, this departure is distinguished by suffering, by pain, by uncertainty, by the approach of death and by a physical and social space different from the one we usually live in and in which we try to be happy. These realities led us to develop a study based on a formative in-door process, and whose central theme is the questioning of the family in two medicine services in a large hospital. We designed two studies with specific targets focused on the nurses, on the relatives and on the patient. Each study controlled different variables according to the different actors, thus: patient and family satisfaction, attitudes, nurses’ stress and conflict and the satisfaction with the training process. The study charted quantitative analysis methods, and before and after, it was based on an analysis model. The training process demonstrated greater support in family size as a nursing resource, and it provides support attitudes, as well as, the allocation of less relevance in the most unfavorable attitudes, as revealed by family size as a burden. The situations that are perceived as being the most stressful, is the fear of making mistakes in any treatment, suffering. Nurses tend to manage the conflicts with the family in order to benefit both of the parts, largely adopting the Integration Tendency to Commitment styles. Customer satisfaction increased in men and in the family members of both services; The outcomes demonstrate that satisfaction increased between the different stages, in some of them, it even coincides with the increased involvement, however without a clear relationship, since the initial satisfaction is already high and since the involvement question is subjective.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gluino Decay as a Probe of High Scale Supersymmetry Breaking

A supersymmetric standard model with heavier scalar supersymmetric particles has many attractive features. If the scalar mass scale is O(10 - 10^4) TeV, the standard model like Higgs boson with mass around 125 GeV, which is strongly favored by the LHC experiment, can be realized. However, in this scenario the scalar particles are too heavy to be produced at the LHC. In addition, if the scalar mass is much less than O(10^4) TeV, the lifetime of the gluino is too short to be measured. Therefore, it is hard to probe the scalar particles at a collider. However, a detailed study of the gluino decay reveals that two body decay of the gluino carries important information on the scalar scale. In this paper, we propose a test of this scenario by measuring the decay pattern of the gluino at the LHC.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures; version published in JHE

Where the Sidewalk Ends: Jets and Missing Energy Search Strategies for the 7 TeV LHC

This work explores the potential reach of the 7 TeV LHC to new colored states in the context of simplified models and addresses the issue of which search regions are necessary to cover an extensive set of event topologies and kinematic regimes. This article demonstrates that if searches are designed to focus on specific regions of phase space, then new physics may be missed if it lies in unexpected corners. Simple multiregion search strategies can be designed to cover all of kinematic possibilities. A set of benchmark models are created that cover the qualitatively different signatures and a benchmark multiregion search strategy is presented that covers these models.Comment: 30 pages, 8 Figures, 3 Tables. Version accepted at JHEP. Minor changes. Added figur

Discrimination of low missing energy look-alikes at the LHC

The problem of discriminating possible scenarios of TeV scale new physics with large missing energy signature at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has received some attention in the recent past. We consider the complementary, and yet unexplored, case of theories predicting much softer missing energy spectra. As there is enough scope for such models to fake each other by having similar final states at the LHC, we have outlined a systematic method based on a combination of different kinematic features which can be used to distinguish among different possibilities. These features often trace back to the underlying mass spectrum and the spins of the new particles present in these models. As examples of "low missing energy look-alikes", we consider Supersymmetry with R-parity violation, Universal Extra Dimensions with both KK-parity conserved and KK-parity violated and the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity violated by the Wess-Zumino-Witten anomaly term. Through detailed Monte Carlo analysis of the four and higher lepton final states predicted by these models, we show that the models in their minimal forms may be distinguished at the LHC, while non-minimal variations can always leave scope for further confusion. We find that, for strongly interacting new particle mass-scale ~600 GeV (1 TeV), the simplest versions of the different theories can be discriminated at the LHC running at sqrt{s}=14 TeV within an integrated luminosity of 5 (30) fb^{-1}.Comment: 40 pages, 10 figures; v2: Further discussions, analysis and one figure added, ordering of certain sections changed, minor modifications in the abstract, version as published in JHE

Childhood socioeconomic position, adult socioeconomic position and social mobility in relation to markers of adiposity in early adulthood: evidence of differential effects by gender in the 1978/79 Ribeirao Preto cohort study

Background: Longitudinal studies drawn from high-income countries demonstrate long-term associations of early childhood socioeconomic deprivation with increased adiposity in adulthood. However, there are very few data from resource-poor countries where there are reasons to anticipate different gradients. Accordingly, we sought to characterise the nature of the socioeconomic status (SES)-adiposity association in Brazil. / Methods: We use data from the Ribeirao Preto Cohort Study in Brazil in which 9067 newborns were recruited via their mothers in 1978/79 and one-in-three followed up in 2002/04 (23–25years). SES, based on family income (salaries, interest on savings, pensions and so on), was assessed at birth and early adulthood, and three different adiposity measures (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) ascertained at follow-up. The association between childhood SES, adult SES and social mobility (defined as four permutations of SES in childhood and adulthood: low–low, low–high, high–low, high–high), and the adiposity measures was examined using linear regression. / Results: There was evidence that the association between SES and the three markers of adiposity was modified by gender in both adulthood (P<0.02 for all outcomes) and childhood SES (P<0.02 for WC and WHR). Thus, in an unadjusted model, linear regression analyses showed that higher childhood SES was associated with lower adiposity in women (coefficient (95% confidence intervals) BMI: −1.49 (−2.29,−0.69); WC: −3.85 (−5.73,−1.97); WHR: −0.03 (−0.04,−0.02)). However, in men, higher childhood SES was related to higher adiposity (BMI: 1.03 (0.28,−1.78); WC: 3.15 (1.20, 5.09); WHR: 0.009 (−0.001, 0.019)) although statistical significance was not seen in all analyses. There was a suggestion that adult SES (but not adult health behaviours or birthweight) accounted for these relationships in women only. Upward mobility was associated with protection against greater adiposity in women but not men. / Conclusion: In the present study, in men there was some evidence that both higher childhood and adulthood SES was related to a higher adiposity risk, while the reverse gradient was apparent in women

Atitudes dos enfermeiros face à família: validação da escala Families’ Importance in Nursing Care - Nurses Attitudes

As atitudes que os enfermeiros adotam em relação à família condicionam o processo de cuidar. Nosso propósito com este estudo foi nesse senti do: dispor de um instrumento que nos permitisse conhecer esta variável. Assim, nossa proposta foi efetuar a adaptação transcultural e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do instrumento Families’ Importance in Nursing Care – Nurses Atitudes (FINC-NA), que visa avaliar as atitudes dos enfermeiros acerca da importância de envolver a família nos cuidados de enfermagem. Foi seguido o método preconizado pela literatura. A amostra foi consti tuída por 136 enfermeiros dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários. Os resultados obti dos nos testes de confi abilidade revelam uma boa consistência interna para o total dos itens (Alpha de Cronbach = 0,87). O estudo psicométrico permite- -nos afi rmar que a versão em português da FINC-NA, que denominamos A importância das famílias nos cuidados de enfermagem – ati tudes dos enfermeiros (IFCE-AE), é um instrumento fi dedigno e válido.The atti tudes of nurses towards families determine the care process. With this study, we aimed to obtain an instrument that would allow us to learn about this variable. Hence, our purpose was to perform the cross-cultural adaptati on and evaluate the psychometric features of the Portuguese version of the instrument Families’ Importance in Nursing Care – Nurses Atti tudes (FINC-NA), which aims to evaluate the atti tudes of nurses towards the importance of involving the pati ent’s family in the nursing care. The method recommended by the literature was followed. The sample consisted of 136 nurses working in primary health care. The results obtained in the reliability tests showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.87). The psychometric study permits us to state that the Portuguese version of the FINCNA, which in Portuguese is referred to as A importância das famílias nos cuidados de enfermagem – ati tudes dos enfermeiros (IFCE-AE), is a reliable and valid tool.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effective Dark Matter Model: Relic density, CDMS II, Fermi LAT and LHC

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search recently announced the observation of two signal events with a 77% confidence level. Although statistically inconclusive, it is nevertheless suggestive. In this work we present a model-independent analysis on the implication of a positive signal in dark matter scattering off nuclei. Assuming the interaction between (scalar, fermion or vector) dark matter and the standard model induced by unknown new physics at the scale $\Lambda$, we examine various dimension-6 tree-level induced operators and constrain them using the current experimental data, e.g. the WMAP data of the relic abundance, CDMS II direct detection of the spin-independent scattering, and indirect detection data (Fermi LAT cosmic gamma-ray), etc. Finally, the LHC reach is also explored

General Gauge and Anomaly Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking in Grand Unified Theories with Vector-Like Particles

In Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) from orbifold and various string constructions the generic vector-like particles do not need to form complete SU(5) or SO(10) representations. To realize them concretely, we present orbifold SU(5) models, orbifold SO(10) models where the gauge symmetry can be broken down to flipped SU(5) X U(1)_X or Pati-Salam SU(4)_C X SU(2)_L X SU(2)_R gauge symmetries, and F-theory SU(5) models. Interestingly, these vector-like particles can be at the TeV-scale so that the lightest CP-even Higgs boson mass can be lifted, or play the messenger fields in the Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking (GMSB). Considering GMSB, ultraviolet insensitive Anomaly Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking (AMSB), and the deflected AMSB, we study the general gaugino mass relations and their indices, which are valid from the GUT scale to the electroweak scale at one loop, in the SU(5) models, the flipped SU(5) X U(1)_X models, and the Pati-Salam SU(4)_C X SU(2)_L X SU(2)_R models. In the deflected AMSB, we also define the new indices for the gaugino mass relations, and calculate them as well. Using these gaugino mass relations and their indices, we may probe the messenger fields at intermediate scale in the GMSB and deflected AMSB, determine the supersymmetry breaking mediation mechanisms, and distinguish the four-dimensional GUTs, orbifold GUTs, and F-theory GUTs.Comment: RevTex4, 45 pages, 15 tables, version to appear in JHE