Exploring genetic resistance to infectious salmon anaemia virus in Atlantic salmon by genome-wide association and RNA sequencing

Funding The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from BBSRC (BB/R008612/1, BB/R008973/1), in addition to BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Grants to the Roslin Institute (BB/P013759/1 and BB/P013740/1).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Genetic analysis of growth and egg production traits in synthetic colored broiler female line using animal model

Not AvailableVariance and genetic parameters were estimated for growth and production traits of synthetic broiler female line (PB-2) using REML animal model to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits. The overall least squares mean (LSM) for body weights at 0 day (BW0), at 2 weeks (BW2), at 4 weeks (BW4), at 5 weeks (BW5), shank length at 5 weeks (SL5), and breast angle at 5 weeks (BA5) of age were 40.03 g, 207.40 g, 589.58 g, 828.51 g, 76.89 cm, and 80.78, respectively. The overall LSM for egg production up to 40 weeks of age (EP40) and egg weight at 40 weeks (EW40) were 66.02 eggs and 58.23 g, respectively. The heritability estimates using the best model for BW0, BW2, BW4, BW5, SL5, and BA5 were 0.060.03, 0.190.03, 0.150.03, 0.140.02, 0.080.02, and 0.020.01, respectively. The heritability estimates were low to moderate in the magnitude for all early growth traits. The heritability estimate for egg production up to 40 weeks (EP40) was 0.300.05. The heritability estimates for adult body weights at 20 and 40 weeks of age (BW 20 and BW 40), age at sexual maturity (ASM), and egg weight at 40 weeks (EW40) were 0.210.04, 0.190.04, 0.160.03, and 0.330.05, respectively, and the estimates were moderate to high in magnitude. Model 4 with additive, maternal permanent environmental, residual, and phenotypic effects was the best model for growth traits except for BW0 and BA5. The average genetic gain observed in primary trait (BW5) over the five generations was 13.62 g per each generation indicating effective selection. The animal model minimized the overestimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement

Genetic analysis of growth and egg production traits in synthetic coloured broiler female line using animal model

Variance and genetic parameters were estimated for growth and production traits of synthetic broiler female line (PB-2) using REML animal model to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits. The overall least squares mean (LSM) for body weights at 0 day (BW0), at 2 weeks (BW2), at 4 weeks (BW4), at five weeks (BW5), shank length at 5 weeks (SL5) and breast angle at 5 weeks (BA5) of age were 40.03 g, 207.40 g, 589.58 g, 828.51 g, 76.89 cm and 80.78º, respectively. The overall LSM for egg production up to 40 weeks of age (EP40) and egg weight at 40 weeks (EW40) were 66.02 eggs and 58.23 g, respectively. The heritability estimates using the best model for BW0, BW2, BW4, BW5, SL5 and BA5 were 0.06±0.03, 0.19±0.03, 0.15±0.03, 0.14±0.02, 0.08±0.02 and 0.02±0.01, respectively. The heritability estimates were low to moderate in the magnitude for all early growth traits. The heritability estimate for egg production up to 40 weeks (EP40) was 0.30±0.05. The heritability estimates for adult body weights at 20 and 40 weeks of age (BW 20 and BW 40), age at sexual maturity (ASM) and egg weight at 40 weeks (EW40) were 0.21±0.04, 0.19±0.04, 0.16±0.03 and 0.33±0.05, respectively and the estimates were moderate to high in magnitude. Model 4 with additive, maternal permanent environmental, residual and phenotypic effects was the best model for growth traits except for BW0 and BA5. The average genetic gain observed in primary trait (BW5) over the five generations was 13.62 g per each generation indicating effective selection. The animal model minimized the over-estimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement.ICAR-DP

Gender and media representation: politics and the 'double bind'.

In recent decades, more women have been elected into office, showing the gains which have been made as more take a seat at the political table. In 2008, women occupied 18.3% of parliamentary seats worldwide, growing to 24.3% in 2019 (IPU 2019). While some affix a positive slant to this upward-moving trajectory, others see this slow tread onwards as overwhelmingly unsatisfactory. According to the World Economic Forum, if the same rate of change were to continue as it has done, the global gender gap in politics would take 107 years to close (World Economic Forum, 2018). Women’s low numbers in parliaments across the world highlight that, as a category, they are still an underrepresented group, showing this to be a globally systemic issue. In terms of representative democracies, these low figures are significant, as they arguably have implications for both the descriptive and substantive representation of women (Celis and Childs 2008) and also send important signals about who is elected to stand for the “public” in positions of power and included/excluded in political decision-making. This chapter focuses on the gendered mediation – the gendered discursive practices embedded in social norms (Gidengil and Everitt, 2003) – of female politicians and how this may perpetuate entrenched attitudes around gender norms, thus contributing to women’s mis- and under representation in global politics