31 research outputs found

    The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Transcriptome in Planktonic Cultures and Static Biofilms Using RNA Sequencing

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    In this study, we evaluated how gene expression differs in mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms as opposed to planktonic cells by the use of RNA sequencing technology that gives rise to both quantitative and qualitative information on the transcriptome. Although a large proportion of genes were consistently regulated in both the stationary phase and biofilm cultures as opposed to the late exponential growth phase cultures, the global biofilm gene expression pattern was clearly distinct indicating that biofilms are not just surface attached cells in stationary phase. A large amount of the genes found to be biofilm specific were involved in adaptation to microaerophilic growth conditions, repression of type three secretion and production of extracellular matrix components. Additionally, we found many small RNAs to be differentially regulated most of them similarly in stationary phase cultures and biofilms. A qualitative analysis of the RNA-seq data revealed more than 3000 putative transcriptional start sites (TSS). By the use of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5′-RACE) we confirmed the presence of three different TSS associated with the pqsABCDE operon, two in the promoter of pqsA and one upstream of the second gene, pqsB. Taken together, this study reports the first transcriptome study on P. aeruginosa that employs RNA sequencing technology and provides insights into the quantitative and qualitative transcriptome including the expression of small RNAs in P. aeruginosa biofilms

    Multi-criteria decision analysis with goal programming in engineering, management and social sciences: a state-of-the art review

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    Arena Water Instinct: Innovation built-in the company DNA

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    The second largest swimwear brand in the world, Arena was founded as a spin-off of Adidas, yet was subsequently purchased and managed by numerous investment funds. Maintaining the prime foundational focus on swimwear and swim equipment, the brand has since expanded into a rapidly growing market of sportswear. Though Arena is well known all over the world as a single brand, its ownership and management is split between two companies: an investment fund, Capvis (for 108 Western countries, from Europe to Middle East, to Americas), and a Japanese group, Descente (for 24 Asian markets). The two operate independently in terms of production and distribution on their respective markets and cooperate for product innovation and sports sponsorships. Having introduced the very first racing swimsuit made with carbon fibers, Arena can be considered a true trendsetter in product innovation. Besides, it has gained considerable expertise also in process innovation when it comes to organization, production, logistics, IT management, distribution and corporate communication. Merging innovative spirit with strategic market-driven outlook, the brand boasts cutting-edge product lines all united by the notion of ‘water’ - the foundational element for Arena’s consumers, stakeholders, partners, and brand ambassadors (i.e., professional athletes)

    Goal Programming

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