TRAINING COURSE ON DELIVERY CARE AND NEONATAL CARE IN RURAL HOSPITALS, GEZIRA STATE, SUDAN

This paper describes a training course for medical officers working in the rural hospitals in Gezira State to achieve a general objective; safe management of obstetric emergencies, miscarriage and the newborn . the description of the course includes; an introduction, the specific learning objectives, a detailed plan of work, instructional methods, resources , the course timetable, evaluation methods, description of the logbook and the feedback questionnaire. This article also includes descriptions of our experience in three rounds during which 43 medical officesr were traine

Helping Mothers Survive Bleeding after Birth Training Join project between University of Gezira, Jhpiego- affiliated with Johns Hopkins University, Sudanese American Medical Association (SAMA), Sudanese Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society

Abstract:The post partum haemorrhage (PPH) Project of Sudan should consider facilitation of implementation of a more comprehensive and innovative program to address prevention, identification and management of PPH with the goal of improving the quality of care and health outcomes related to PPH.The Master Trainer Course was held at the University of Gezira (U of G) followed by Champion courses and Clinical Mentor orientation sessions in 5 hospitals (4 rural and 1 urban). There are additional 5 hospitals in Gezira state where providers have yet to receive the Champions course. The additional courses are planned in March and April of 2016. 23 Master Trainers were mentored in help mother survive (HMS). The PPH Project Director based at UofG and additional 2 more trainers were introduced to the principles of HMS training and the low dose high frequency (LDHF) approach was adopted. 155 providers participated in a bleeding after birth (BAB) Champions Course. 106 of the participants were village midwives who received selected updates around child birth to address gaps identified during the opening role play. Updates included being patient during second stage of labour, no pulling of fetus, delivering babies to mothers, abdomen/skin to skin, drying the baby immediately, changing the wet cloth and covering the baby with dry cloth while on mothers’ abdomen, not to hold babies upside down, not to separate babies from mothers after cutting the cord. No cord milking, evacuation of birth canal in the name of “cleaning” it, no routine episiotomy or pulling the placenta without counter pressure and few others.34 providers from 5 hospitals (4 rural and 1 urban) were oriented as clinical mentors. They will conduct peer mentorship at respective hospitals as well as the downward type of mentorship to midwives at health centers and village midwives from respective community neighborhoo

Unconventional method for monitoring of waste cooking oil transesterification

A technique to monitor transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) is presented. The technique was developed based on analogue signal from WCO, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and commercial palm oil (CPO). A low-pass filter design for the photodiode was used to obtain the characteristic analog signal generated by these oil samples and the signal was correlated to absorbance spectra of the oils using data from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) equipment. A match was made between the analogue signals of the oil samples and calibrated against the FTIR spectra at 95% confidence level. Depletion of WCO during transesterification in a batch reactor correlated with the time observed for peak yield during biodiesel production. The results of the technique are discussed as a possible way to monitor transesterification process in a batch reactor

Date seed extract as preservatives

The increasing demand for minimally-processed. extended shelflife foods and rcpons of ehemical preservatives as having potential toxicity demands food manufacturers to find altcrnative snurccs of anTimicrobial compounds. Food infection and into.~ication are considered as the most common causes of foodborne dir.eases worldwide. Foodbome pathogens cau.ing these diseases find their way in foods through cros, COnTamination. improper handling and temp<;'rature abuse. Food ,poilage microorganisms. On the other hand. cause products to lose thcir quality which renders them unacceptable to consumcrs, Shon shclflife of food products because of spoilage is one of thc major problems of the food induslTy. Examples of food spoilage microorganisms include P-<f:llJO",UlW;' ''':nlgillU.m. 8acilh,,· :Wblilis. I.acrolwdlllls 51' .. StJccho,-o"'yc-es cere,'i,i"e and AS/H'I"gilltr;, lIig"I"

Transesterification of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil: Reaction Parameters

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This study was carried out to determine the reaction parameters of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and yield produced from Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) oil by alkali transesterification. Optimum reaction parameters were observed at 1:6 w/w methanol to oil ratio, 0.5% w/w NaOH to oil molar ratio, 400 rpm agitation speed and 60 ⁰C with resulted in a yield of 99% crude biodiesel and 97.71% FAME

Esterification of High Free Fatty Acid Jatropha curcas Oil for Biodiesel Production

This study investigated the esterification of high free fatty acid (FFA) Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) seed oil (6.3 to14.6 %) to produce biodiesel using sulphuric acid with reaction parameters 1% H2SO4, 600 rpm at 60 oC and one hour reaction time. At methanol to oil ratio 3:1, FFAs were reduced to 4.73% with conversion 45%; at 6:1 methanol to oil ratio, FFAs were reduced to 2.31% with conversion 72%; at 7.5:1 methanol to oil ratio FFAs are decreased to less than 2% with conversion ≥85% and there is no considerable difference when increasing methanol to oil ratio to 9:1. Hence the optimum methanol to oil molar ratio is 7.5:1, moreover, the esterification process is not affected by the initial FFA

Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha curcas Seed Oil

This study was carried out to produce biodiesel from freshly harvested Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) seed oil. J. curcas seed oil has a high oil content (40%), the free fatty acids (FFA) range is (1.6-1.75%), peroxide value is 2.6 meq/kg, oil moisture content range is (0.2-0.3%) and saponification value range is (185-189) mg KOH/g oil. The main fatty acids are oleic 39.60 % and linoleic acids 34.64 %, unsaturated fatty acids in J. curcas oil are 75.54 wt%, while, saturated fatty acids are 24.46 wt%. The specifications of biodiesel produced are; Density is reduced from 0.9198 to 0.8810 g/cm3. The kinematic viscosity at 40 oC was reduced from 36.37 to 4.809 mm2/s, and the flash point is 187oC. Biodiesel produced complies with the requirements of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D6751-09, and the Committee of Standardization in Europe (CEN) standard EN 14214 specifications

Analysis of potential lard adulteration in chocolate and chocolate products using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, in combination with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and partial least square (PLS) regression, was used to detect the presence of lard in chocolate formulation. The spectral bands associated with lard, cocoa butter and their blends (ranging from 0% to 15% of lard in cocoa butter) were recorded, interpreted and identified. A semi-quantitative approach is proposed to measure the percent of lard in blends on the basis of spectral data at the frequency region 4000–650 cm−1, using the equation y = 0.9225x + 0.5539. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9872 with a standard error (SE) of 1.305. In this paper, the potential of FTIR spectroscopy as a rapid analytical tool for the quantitative determination of adulterants especially lard, in chocolate, is demonstrated

Active Fractions of Methanol Crude Obtained from Acacia seyal gum: Antioxidant Capacity using FTIR Analysis

The present study is on Acacia seyal gum (ASG), which is an exudate from Talha tree. It provides a rich source of polyphenolics compounds that are used traditionally in folk medicine. The study aims to determine the antioxidant capacity (AC) and functional groups of ASG and Prebio-T-commercial (PTC) samples. The methanol crude extracts of both ASG and PTC have fractioned into chloroform (CHF), hexane (HF), acetone (AF) and methanol (MF) using solvent-solvent portion. Both ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays for each fraction examined. Crude methanol extracts (CME) and its active compositions also analysed carefully using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The findings presented a wide variety of functional groups provided by the FTIR spectra (eights bands approximately. Regarding cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the methanol crude extracts values are 888.6±4.57 mg TE/100g extract, for PTC as compared to 474.3± 2.23 mg TE/100g of extract for ASG. However, both methanol and acetone fractions revealed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) high FRAP values ranged between 599.8±7.5 and 741.8±5.8 mg TE/100g fraction; for PTC and ASG, respectively. While CUPRAC showed insignificant (p ≥ 0.05) same values 356.1±2.62 mg TE/100g of fraction; for MF of both PTC and ASG respectively. Therefore, in this study, methanolic fractions (MFs) are found to be more effective than acetone fractions (AFs), except for CHF and HF. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the active fraction has provided some evidence regarding its functional groups which may have used in traditional medicine