Degloving injuries of lower extremity: proposal of a treatment protocol

OBJETIVO: Apresentação e avaliação de protocolo para atendimento de pacientes com ferimentos descolantes dos membros inferiores através da retirada de enxerto de pele do tecido avulsionado e cobertura do leito cruento na fase aguda do trauma. MÉTODOS: Este estudo avaliou retrospectivamente os pacientes com ferimentos descolantes em membros inferiores, em que o tratamento realizado baseou-se em protocolo de atendimento para ferimentos descolantes utilizado em nosso serviço,com pacientes atendidos na Unidade de Emergência. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 21 pacientes. A etiologia do trauma foi atropelamento em 11 pacientes (52,4%) e acidente de motocicleta em 10 (47,6%). Os pacientes foram tratados conforme o protocolo apresentado a seguir: Os pacientes são inicialmente separados em instáveis e estáveis, conforme a condição hemodinâmica. Nos pacientes considerados instáveis (dois pacientes nesta casuística) realiza-se a retirada da pele e acondicionamento em banco de tecidos para enxertia posterior. Nospacientes considerados estáveis (19 pacientes) avalia-se a viabilidade do retalho através de parâmetros clínicos e do uso da fluoresceína. Se considerado viável, faz-se a sutura do retalho à posição original, e, se considerado inviável (todos os 19 pacientes), faz-se a ressecção e emagrecimento do tecido e realiza-se a enxertia da pele em malha com aplicação de curativo a vácuo sobre o enxerto. CONCLUSÃO: Os ferimentos descolantes devem ter seu atendimento padronizado a fim de se obter melhores resultados no tratamento e prevenir necrose da porção desenluvada e assim evitar nova área doadora para enxerto de pele.OBJECTIVE: Degloving injuries on the lowerextremities are often serious injuries. It is difficult to decide on the most appropriate treatment, whether flap repositioning and suturing or converting the avulsed flap tosplit-thickness skingrafting. METHODS: This study assessed patients with degloving injuries in lower extremities, reviewing the epidemiological profile and treatment performed. It is proposed a treatment protocol for management of those lower extremity avulsion injuries. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were evaluated. The cause of trauma was running over in 11 patients (52,4%) and motorcycle accident in 10 (47,6%). All twenty-one patients had treatment with washing, debridement, resection of avulsed flap and converting the flap to split-thickness graft, in according with the following treatment protocol for management of those lower extremity avulsion injuries that came to our Emergency Unit: Patients were initially classified as unstable or stable (hemodynamically). In the unstable group (two patients),due to the patient condition, flap resection was performed and the skin kept in the tissue bank for later grafting. In the stable group (19 patients), flap viability was assessed using clinical parameters and fluorescein. If deemed viable the flap was sutured to its original position. If deemed unviable (all 19 patients), it was resected and converted to split-thickness skin and mesh grafting with vacuum-assisted device over the graft. CONCLUSION: In order to avoid flap necrosis and to add a new skin donor area is important to recognize the problem in the Emergency Room and to manage properly those injuries

Development of an experimental model of degloving injury in rats

INTRODUÇÃO: Os ferimentos descolantes de membros inferiores geralmente se caracterizam como lesões graves e apresentam dificuldades na decisão quanto ao tratamento cirúrgico mais adequado a ser instituído, se reposicionamento do retalho avulsionado ao leito da ferida ou ressecção do retalho, seguido de seu adelgaçamento e enxertia de pele. O propósito deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo experimental de avulsão de retalhos cutâneos em membros inferiores de ratos e observar a viabilidade do retalho após seu reposicionamento ao leito de origem, com a finalidade de melhor estudar as alterações relacionadas ao ferimento e de testar modalidades terapêuticas em retalhos avulsionados. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 90 ratos Wistar machos, subdivididos em 4 grupos experimentais. Foi delineado um modelo de avulsão de retalhos no membro inferior do rato, baseado em 4 pedículos diferentes: pedículo de fluxo proximal (G1), pedículo de fluxo distal (G2), pedículo de fluxo lateral (G3) e pedículo de fluxo medial (G4). RESULTADOS: A comparação entre as médias de área de necrose do retalho desenluvado evidenciou diferença estatística significativa entre os 4 grupos estudados (P < 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: O grupo com pedículo de fluxo distal (G2) apresentou maior área de necrose em relação à área total do retalho, sendo o mais adequado para testar agentes terapêuticos no retalho avulsionado

Severe complication due to inappropriate use of polymethylmethacrylate: a case report and current status in Brazil

Introduction: Use of permanent fillers can lead to significant complications. In Brazil, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a product approved by the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), but its use exceeds its indications, leading to serious complications. Recommendations for restricted use have been in place for more than a decade, but cases with serious consequences due to inappropriate use are still seen. Objective: To report a serious complication due to inappropriate use of PMMA and discuss the current status of PMMA use in Brazil based on recommendations of medical societies and regulatory agencies. Methods: This report describes a case of extensive necrosis of the gluteal region after injection of PMMA by a non-qualified practitioner; the report also reviews the literature on the current status of PMMA use in Brazil. Discussion: Despite the efforts of medical societies, acute and chronic complications are still reported in the Brazilian literature. In 2016, more than 17,000 PMMArelated complications were reported; nevertheless, reliable epidemiological data remain unavailable because the number of treatments, the quality of the product, and the training of practitioners remain unregulated. Conclusion: A significant number of repair procedures are performed in Brazil to correct complications resulting from the use of PMMA. The severity of the reported case highlights the need to combat bad practice by untrained professionals, as well as the need for greater control of PMMA marketing by regulatory agencies

Prospective study on tactile sensitivity in the hands of a brazilian population using the pressure-specified sensory device

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os limiares de percepção da pressão em polpas de dois dedos (indicador e mínimo), em uma população brasileira, sem lesão nervosa ou neuropatia. MÉTODOS: Usamos Pressure-Specified Sensory Device, um equipamento computadorizado para obter limiares de percepção da pressão normal, tanto estáticos quanto dinâmicos, e discriminação de dois pontos. RESULTADOS: Testamos a sensibilidade nos dedos, em 30 voluntários. Os testes de significância foram realizados utilizando o teste t de Student. Os valores médios (g/mm²) para os limiares de pressão estática de um e dois pontos (s1PD, s2PD) e discriminação dinâmica de um e dois pontos (m1PD, m2PD) no dedo indicador dominante foram: s1PD = 0,4, m1PD = 0,4, s2PD = 0,48, m2PD = 0,51. CONCLUSÃO: Não há diferença significativa na sensibilidade entre as mãos dominante e não dominante

Severe complication by irregular use of industrial silicone in a transsexual patient: a case report

The use of industrial liquid silicone as a material for aesthetic modification of body contour is a practice that has been carried out clandestine for about 60 years. Currently, most reports come from countries in Asia and South America, and the victims are mainly women and transsexuals. Due to the large number of cases with complications, the use of industrial silicone for aesthetic purposes has never been approved. However, it continues to be applied alone or associated with other products, determining severe local and systemic complications. We report a case of death of a transsexual patient after injecting industrial silicone in the thighs and buttocks

Reverse sural flap as an alternative to microsurgical reconstruction of extensive foot wound after electrical burn: case report

Introduction: To present a reverse sural flap case report as an alternative to microsurgical flap in foot reconstruction after electrical trauma. The report presented is of a patient treated by the Burns and Complex Wounds groups of the Plastic Surgery Service of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo in 2020. Case Report: Male patient, 35 years old, without comorbidities, victim of high voltage electrical trauma (1300V) at home, affecting upper and lower limbs bilaterally. Due to the severity of the injuries, he underwent left transtibial amputation and serial debridement in the contralateral limb, resulting in a defect in the medial face, hallux and entire dorsum of the right foot, with bone exposure. Due to the failure of reconstruction with a microsurgical flap of the vastus lateralis muscle, reconstruction with a reverse sural flap was chosen. It evolved with distal necrosis, requiring new debridement and re-advancement of the flap. In the follow-up, he presented a favorable evolution and is in the process of rehabilitation. Conclusion: The reverse sural flap proved to be suitable for the salvage treatment of extensive foot injuries after the failure of microsurgical therapy, offering stable coverage and excellent contour, thus allowing satisfactory patient rehabilitation

Assessment of the impact on the care of patients with detaching wounds during the COVID-19 pandemic in a specialized service

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic was responsible for increasing social isolation rates, resulting in a reduction in traffic accidents. Trauma, in general, is among the most important public health problems worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the impact of social isolation in the city of São Paulo during the COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with detaching wounds. Methods: Observational, retrospective and descriptive study. All medical records of patients treated at the Emergency Room of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), by the Complex Wounds Group of the Plastic Surgery Service, admitted for detaching wounds and undergoing surgical procedures, were reviewed, from April to June of the years 2019 and 2020. Results: Twenty patients with detaching injuries on the lower limbs were included. In 2019, 14 patients were seen, with a mean age of 47 years, 7 of which were victims of traffic accidents, 5 of being run over, 1 of crushing and 1 of falling from standing height. In 2020, 6 patients were treated with detaching wounds during the pandemic, with a mean age of 36.16 years, 5 of which were victims of motorcycle accidents and 1 of being run over. No patient had COVID-19. Conclusion: During social isolation, there was a numerical reduction in care for detaching trauma during the quarantine period

Vertical abdominoplasty for treatment of excess abdominal skin after massive weight loss

INTRODUÇÃO: As cirurgias bariátricas são cada vez mais frequentes no tratamento dos pacientes portadores de obesidade mórbida. A grande perda ponderal decorrente desses procedimentos causa excesso de pele e de tecido subcutâneo em todo o corpo, especialmente na região abdominal. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a técnica de abdominoplastia vertical como alternativa para a ressecção do excesso de pele nesses pacientes. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, os prontuários de 40 pacientes submetidos ao procedimento entre 2004 e 2009. O grau de satisfação dos pacientes foi avaliado através de escala subjetiva, com notas variando de 0 a 10. RESULTADOS: Vinte e cinco por cento dos pacientes apresentaram pequenas complicações, sendo 3 seromas, 3 pequenas deiscências e 5 cicatrizes hipertróficas, todas tratadas ambulatorialmente. Dois terços dos pacientes relataram alto grau de satisfação, considerando seus resultados bons (notas 7 ou 8) ou ótimos (notas 9 ou 10). CONCLUSÕES: A técnica de abdominoplastia vertical aparece como uma nova opção para o tratamento do excesso de pele abdominal em pacientes ex-obesos