79 research outputs found

    Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Trichoderma harzianum CFAM-422 using an herbicide resistance gene as selection marker.

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    The use of lignocellulosic materials that are the constituents of the plant cell wall have shown to be a great opportunity for sustainable industrial development. The polysaccharide part of these materials, the cellulose and the hemicellulose, can be degraded into their monomeric sugars by microorganisms, such as Trichoderma harzianum, that secrete extracellular enzymes. However, the industrial production of hydrolytic enzymes rely on the development of molecular biology tools to achieve the economical production of enzyme pools with greater hydrolytic potential. In this work the fungus T. harzianum (CFAM-422) was transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and a herbicide was used as a selective agent, making it an efficient strategy to obtain strains with higher potential for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials.SINAFERM; SHEB. 3 a 6 de setembro. Seção Trabalhos. Ref. 59006

    Molecular identification of member species of Aspergillus section flavi contaminating brazilnut material from Acre and Amazonas.

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    Identificaçao molecular de especies membros do Aspergillus seçao flavi contaminantes de castanha do brasil nos estados de Acre e Amazonas

    Prospecção, seleção e identificação de bactérias produtoras de corantes.

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    Os corantes naturais podem ser extraídos de uma variedade de plantas, animais e microrganismos. A maioria dos corantes naturais utilizados para diferentes fins é produzida a partir de plantas, entretanto, pigmentos extraídos de plantas para uso industrial possuem o gargalo da produção, estabilidade e custo. Uma alternativa mais sustentável para a produção de corantes naturais é a via biotecnológica utilizando microrganismos. O conhecimento de técnicas de cultivo, processamento e facilidade de manipulação, tornam a produção de corantes por microrganismos em larga escala um atrativo para a indústria de cosméticos, de alimentos, têxtil, de pintura, entre outras. Este trabalho apresenta a prospecção de uma coleção de bactérias associadas a plantas nativas e cultivadas de diferentes biomas quanto a sua capacidade de produzir corantes. A prospecção foi inicialmente realizada em dois meios de cultura sólidos, sendo selecionadas linhagens produtoras de colônias intensamente coloridas nas tonalidades de amarelo, rosa, vermelho e marrom em pelo menos um dos meios avaliados. A partir das linhagens de bactérias pré -selecionadas foram escolhidas 6 linhagens (Bioenzi B-132A, Bioenzi B-480A, Bioenzi B-586, Bioenzi B-648, Bioenzi B-652 e Bioenzi B-584) para avaliação da produção de corantes em condições de fermentação submersa em diferentes meios de cultura líquidos. A linhagem Bioenzi B -480A (Serratia marcescens) destacou-se por ser capaz de produzir corante vermelho intenso em meio NB já nas primeiras 6 h após a inoculação, intensificando a coloração nas horas subsequentes de cultivo (24, 48, 72h). A identificação taxonômica das bactérias selecionadas revelou novas linhagens de Sphingomonas endophytica, Serratia marcescens, Streptomyces olivaceus, Luteibacter yeojuensis, Brevibacterium siliguriense e Curtobacterium luteum com potencial para serem futuramente caracterizadas quanto a identidade de seus metabólitos secundários visando a descoberta de novos corantes naturais com aplicação industrial

    Enhancement of Trichoderma harzianum CFAM-422 for cellulase and hemicellulase production by deletion of the carbon catabolite repressor gene cre1.

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    Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a mechanism by which microorganisms can utilize preferably highly energetic compounds over those of difficult degradation. For Trichoderma reesei, the protein that acts as repressor in the presence of glucose is CRE1. In this project, we aim to delete cre1 gene in Trichoderma harzianum CFAM-422 and obtain mutants with enhanced production of biomass degrading enzymes. Disruption of cre1 in T. harzianum CFAM-422 was performed by gene replacement of cre1 for hph (hygromycin B phosphotransferase) via homologous recombination. Hygromycin resistant mutants and parental strains enzyme production was evaluated in both inductive and repressive conditions in four different carbon sources. Enzymatic indexes (EI) were determined and compared. All genetically stable transformants showed increased enzymatic index under inductive conditions and modest inhibition under repressive conditions for most carbon sources, indicating that the deletion of cre1 in T. harzianum can be beneficial to cellulase and hemicellulase production with reduced product inhibition.SINAFERM; SHEB. 3 a 6 de setembro. Seção Trabalhos. Ref. 59019

    Characterization of Aspergillus species on Brazil nut from the Brazilian Amazonian region and development of a PCR assay for identification at the genus level.

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    Brazil nut is a protein-rich extractivist tree crop in the Amazon region. Fungal contamination of shells and kernel material frequently includes the presence of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species from the section Flavi. Aflatoxins are polyketide secondary metabolites, which are hepatotoxic carcinogens in mammals. The objectives of this study were to identify Aspergillus species occurring on Brazil nut grown in different states in the Brazilian Amazon region and develop a specific PCR method for collective identification of member species of the genus Aspergillus. Results:Polyphasic identification of 137 Aspergillus strains isolated from Brazil nut shell material from cooperatives across the Brazilian Amazon states of Acre, Amapá and Amazonas revealed five species, with Aspergillus section Flavi species A. nomius and A. flavus the most abundant. PCR primers ASP_GEN_MTSSU_F1 and ASP_GEN_MTSSU_R1 were designed for the genus Aspergillus, targeting a portion of the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Primer specificity was validated through both electronic PCR against target gene sequences at Genbank and in PCR reactions against DNA from Aspergillus species and other fungal genera common on Brazil nut. Collective differentiation of the observed section Flavi species A. flavus, A. nomius and A. tamarii from other Aspergillus species was possible on the basis of RFLP polymorphism. Conclusions:Given the abundance of Aspergillus section Flavi species A. nomius and A. flavus observed on Brazil nut, and associated risk of mycotoxin accumulation, simple identification methods for such mycotoxigenic species are of importance for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system implementation. The assay for the genus Aspergillus represents progress towards specific PCR identification and detection of mycotoxigenic species

    Percepção das cores com ImageJ: elaboração de um guia para análise de imagens de microrganismos produtores de corantes naturais.

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    As cores são vistas pelos olhos humanos que traduzem a informação baseada em suas percepções e preferências. As cores podem ser entendidas como fótons percebidos da luz do dia onde vermelho corresponde a fótons de luz de comprimento longo (baixa frequência), amarelo e verde intermediários e azul comprimento de onda curto (alta frequência). Dessa forma a cor pode ser quantificada e analisada em sistemas de computador para determinar a quantidade de vermelho, verde e azul presente em cada cor. Este trabalho teve como objetivo criar uma estratégia baseada em análise de imagem digital para identificação das cores de microrganismos visando auxiliar a seleção de linhagens produtoras de corantes sem a necessidade de manipulação das amostras

    Accelerator and Reactor Neutrino Oscillation Experiments in a Simple Three-Generation Framework

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    We present a new approach to the analysis of neutrino oscillation experiments, in the one mass-scale limit of the three-generation scheme. In this framework we reanalyze and recombine the most constraining accelerator and reactor data, in order to draw precise bounds in the new parameter space. We consider our graphical representations as particularly suited to show the interplay among the different oscillation channels. Within the same framework, the discovery potential of future short and long baseline experiments is also investigated, in the light of both the recent signal from the LSND experiment and the atmospheric neutrino anomaly.Comment: uuencoded compressed tar file. Figures (13) available by ftp to ftp://eku.sns.ias.edu/pub/lisi/ (192.16.204.30). Submitted to Physical Review
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