DIRECT PRODUCE PROFIT FOR SMALL AND INTERMEDIATE SIZE GROCERY RETAILERS

Direct product profit (DPP) is a retailing tool used to analyze product sales performance. Although the concept is over 20 years old, its widespread use in grocery stores is a fairly recent phenomena. A product's DPP is calculated as its adjusted gross margin less its direct selling costs, which normally include transportation, warehousing, and retailing or store costs. A product's DPP and sales volume classifies it in one of four categories to assist in merchandising options. Fifteen small and intermediate size grocery retailers cooperated with a study of produce DPP. Based on weekly produce sales, the stores were separated into three groups. As store group produce sales increased, produce adjusted gross margin and DPP increased. Based on produce sales volume and DPP level, various merchandising strategies are suggested.Agribusiness,

Increasing Student Achievement Through Supporting English Language Learners

The purpose of this advocacy document is to demonstrate the need for a policy to implement a two-way immersion program in Spanish and English. The intent of this policy is to provide opportunities for students to be successful in a global society, acquire a second language, and develop a strong global awareness. This advocacy document includes an analysis of the educational, economic, social, political, moral, and ethical need for the policy change. The primary needs addressed through research are the ability to implement strong instructional practices of language development for English as a Second Language (ESL) student and to develop biliterate students. A review of current and past practices for supporting ESL students, as well as a tentative budget and implementation plan, are also included

Quantifying bacterial transfer from patients to staff during burns dressing and bed changes : implications for infection control

Routine nursing activities such as dressing/bed changes increase bacterial dispersal from burns patients, potentially contaminating healthcare workers (HCW) carrying out these tasks. HCW thus become vectors for transmission of nosocomial infection between patients. The suspected relationship between %total body surface area (%TBSA) of burn and levels of bacterial release has never been fully established. Bacterial contamination of HCW was assessed by contact plate samples (n = 20) from initially sterile gowns worn by the HCW during burns patient dressing/bed changes. Analysis of 24 gowns was undertaken and examined for relationships between %TBSA, time taken for activity, and contamination received by the HCW. Relationships between size of burn and levels of HCW contamination, and time taken for the dressing/bed change and levels of HCW contamination were best described by exponential models. Burn size correlated more strongly (R2 = 0.82, p < 0.001) than time taken (R2 = 0.52, p < 0.001), with levels of contamination received by the HCW. Contamination doubled with every 6–9% TBSA increase in burn size. Burn size was used to create a model to predict bacterial contamination received by a HCW carrying out bed/dressing changes. This may help with the creation of burn-specific guidelines on protective clothing worn by HCW caring for burns patients

Intra-Project Externality and Layout Variables in Residential Condominium Appraisals

This study examines the impact of intra-project externalities and layout variables on the selling prices of 897 condominium units in the cities of Irvine and Santa Ana in Orange County, California. It documents that, at a micro-level, proximity to intra-project externalities such as greenspace, swimming pools, recreational areas, traffic noise, and the like, and project layout variables representing the location of individual condominium units within multiunit structures, have significant effects on the property values of units within a condominium project. The results indicate that, when cost is not prohibitive, both appraisers and underwriters should take intra-project externalities and layout variables into consideration when estimating property values or underwriting residential mortgages for condominium properties.

Estimation of the Cost of a Newark Promise

This report offers an estimate of the cost of a place-based scholarship program, with a similar program structure as the Kalamazoo Promise, for the City of Newark, New Jersey. It is assumed that the projected Newark Promise scholarship program would begin in the fall of 2013, and the full cost of the scholarship would not occur until 2016 when four years of students are enrolled with Promise scholarships. Once fully loaded, annual cost estimates for a Newark Promise range from approximately $8 million to$11.5 million per year, although costs would be substantially lower in the initial years of the program. Only the scholarship costs are estimated in this report; costs associated with administering the scholarship program or any related support programs are not included

Annual Survey of Virginia Law: Civil Procedure and Practice

This article reviews recent developments and changes in legislation, case law, and Virginia Supreme Court Rules affecting civil litigation. The scope of the paper does not extend to criminal procedure or topics unique to equity practice