Megahertz pulse trains enable multi-hit serial femtosecond crystallography experiments at X-ray free electron lasers

The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) and Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) II are extremely intense sources of X-rays capable of generating Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SFX) data at megahertz (MHz) repetition rates. Previous work has shown that it is possible to use consecutive X-ray pulses to collect diffraction patterns from individual crystals. Here, we exploit the MHz pulse structure of the European XFEL to obtain two complete datasets from the same lysozyme crystal, first hit and the second hit, before it exits the beam. The two datasets, separated by <1 µs, yield up to 2.1 Å resolution structures. Comparisons between the two structures reveal no indications of radiation damage or significant changes within the active site, consistent with the calculated dose estimates. This demonstrates MHz SFX can be used as a tool for tracking sub-microsecond structural changes in individual single crystals, a technique we refer to as multi-hit SFX

Crépuscule des religions chez les jeunes ? Jeunes et religions en France

National audienceQuatre chapitres ont été écrit par Y. Lambert. Les quatre contributions analysent les attitudes et comportements des jeunes face aux religions et aux croyances parallèles. La première (avec Guy Michelat) propose une synthèse du colloque, la seconde examine l'évolution depuis 1952, date du premier grand sondage religieux, le chapitre suivant écrit avec Françoise Champion analyse une enquête par sondage effectuée en juin 1990 auprès de 705 adolescents (12-15 ans), le dernier montre que, à la lumière des analyses factorielles de correspondances, trois pôles ressortent : celui du christianisme "confessant" (de la foi), celui du christianisme "culturel" (identitaire) et celui de l'"humanisme séculier"

Cidadania, participação popular e saúde na visão dos profissionais do setor: um estudo de caso na rede pública de serviços Citizenship, community participation, and health as seen by health care professionals: a case study in public health services

Este trabalho aborda a questão da cidadania e da participação popular em Saúde, a partir da análise das concepções de um grupo específico: profissionais de Saúde que atuam nas Unidades de Cuidados Básicos da Área Programática 3.1 do Município do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Busca-se analisar suas representações referentes ao tema em estudo, confrontando-as com as que orientam o texto constitucional no capítulo referente à Saúde, ao mesmo tempo em que se discute o papel dos técnicos em sua relação com os usuários, no processo de construção de uma "Consciência Sanitária". As informações recolhidas através de trabalho de campo conduzido a partir de metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa social, indicam uma heterogeneidade marcante nas concepções dos profissionais, o que os dividem em dois segmentos: aqueles pertencentes às "Unidades-Ensino" e os que atuam nas "Unidades-Assistenciais". A análise aponta, ainda, para o papel estratégico desempenhado pelas relações cotidianas no processo de mudança social e construção dos direitos ao mesmo tempo em que discute a viabilidade deste processo frente ao desvendamento da subjetividade dos agentes que lhe dão vida.<br>This paper deals with the subject of citizenship and people's participation in the health area through an analysis of ideas pertaining to a specific group: health care professionals working in Basic Health Care Clinics in the 3.1 Programatic Area of the City of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). The article analyzes their views on the subject and presents them in light of health-related legislation in the Brazilian constitution. It also analyzes the professionals' role vis-à-vis users in raising community awareness that health care is one of their basic rights. Field data from qualitative social research methodology showed a significant heterogeneity in the professionals' conceptions, dividing them into two groups: those belonging to teaching institutions and those working in institutions providing health care. This analysis shows the strategic role that day-to-day relationships between professionals and the community can play in the social change process and the establishment of social rights. It also discusses the viability of this process in view of the discovery of the subjective involvement of the health professionals who promote this process

Up and Down, Old and New: Values and Value Systems of MPs and Voters in France

MPs are often criticised as being homogeneous. This is well known in terms of social background or gender, but the criticism also holds for values and norms. MPs are said to share normative agreements on the essential points and demonstrate differences on second-order issues. This criticism is even more widespread regarding the new politics based on the cultural divide, notably vis-à-vis politicians from the extreme right as far as immigration, European integration or globalisation are concerned. In this contribution, these criticisms are addressed by investigating the degree of normative agreements and disagreements of French MPs. Furthermore, the differences both in old and new politics between MPs on the one hand and the electorate as a whole and their supporters on the other hand are evaluated. It is concluded that MPs are definitely not all the same and the degrees of difference among MPs or with the electorate are far from being those expected