Panton-Valentine leukocidin-associated Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in infants: A report of four cases and review of the literature

Four children under 16 months of age presented within an 18-month period with severe, rapidly progressive Panton-Valentine leukocidin-associated ST93 Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia. Two of the cases that required extracorporeal membranous oxygenation and proved fatal had poor prognostic features of leukopaenia, rash and pulmonary haemorrhage. All four cases had recent contact with S. aureus infection in a family member. Reported cases of S. aureus necrotizing pneumonia in infants are reviewed, and approach to management is discussed

Antigen-specific dose-dependent system for the study of an inheritable and reversible phenotype in mouse CD4(+) T cells

The transgenic T-cell receptor in mouse TEa CD4(+) lymphocytes recognizes an endogenous peptide, Eα52-68, presented in the context of the major histocompatibility complex class II molecule I-A(b). In response to an optimal peptide concentration TEa cells enter the cell cycle and proliferate. However, a single exposure to high doses of the specific peptide diminished cell expansion upon subsequent restimulation. This hyporesponsive, or anergic, phenotype can still be detected after multiple restimulations indicating that the hyporesponsiveness persists despite cell division and it was inherited by daughter cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this hypoproliferative response is associated with high p27(Kip1) and cyclin E protein levels, and reduced intracellular interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression. Addition of exogenous IL-2 was required to reset p27(Kip1) levels in the progeny derived from hyporesponsive TEa cells. Thus, we have established antigen dose-dependent induction of a reversible, inheritable (i.e. epigenetic) phenotype and we have identified at least three components of the network of interactions: p27(Kip1) cyclin E, and IL-2 expression

What is wrong with legal realism?

The paper criticizes Shapiro's picture of legal realism, which takes realism to be a conceptual account of law. The paper claims that American legal realism was mainly an account of legal knowledge. Il lavoro fa parte di un volume di contributi sulla teoria del diritto di S. Shapiro, la quale è al centro del dibattito contemporaneo in sede internazionale