Characterization of CTX-M ESBLs in Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Cairo, Egypt

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A high rate of resistance to 3^rdgeneration cephalosporins among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Egypt has been previously reported. This study aims to characterize the resistance mechanism (s) to extended spectrum cephalosporins among resistant clinical isolates at a medical institute in Cairo, Egypt.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nonconsecutive <it>Klebsiella pneumoniae </it>(Kp), <it>Enterobacter cloacae </it>(ENT) and <it>Escherichia coli </it>(EC) isolates were obtained from the clinical laboratory at the medical institute. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by CLSI disk diffusion and ESBL confirmatory tests. MICs were determined using broth microdilution. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) was used to determine the pI values, inhibitor profiles, and cefotaxime (CTX) hydrolysis by the β-lactamases. PCR and sequencing were performed using <it>bla</it>_CTX-Mand IS<it>Ecp1</it>-specific primers, with DNA obtained from the clinical isolates. Conjugation experiments were done to determine the mobility of <it>bla</it>_CTX-M.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All five clinical isolates were resistant to CTX, and were positive for ESBL screening. IEF revealed multiple β-lactamases produced by each isolate, including a β-lactamase with a pI of 8.0 in Kp and ENT and a β-lactamase with a pI of 9.0 in EC. Both β-lactamases were inhibited by clavulanic acid and hydrolyzed CTX. PCR and sequence analysis identified <it>bla</it>_CTX-M-14in Kp and ENT and a <it>bla</it>_CTX-M-15in EC. Both <it>bla</it>_CTX-M-14and <it>bla</it>_CTX-M-15were preceded by IS<it>Ecp1 </it>elements as revealed by partial sequence analysis of the upstream region of the <it>bla</it>_CTX-Mgenes. <it>bla</it>_CTX-M-15 was transferable but not <it>bla</it>_CTX-M-14.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first report of CTX-M-14 in Kp and ENT isolates from Egypt, the Middle East and North Africa.</p