Determination of benzene, toluene ,ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) in ambient air painting workshops car compared to the air surrounding residential areas during winter 1394 in Yazd city .

Abstract Title: Determination of benzene, toluene ,ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) in ambient air painting workshops car compared to the air surrounding residential areas during winter 1394 in Yazd city . MH.Salmani1 , MH. Ehrampoush2, MH.Mosadegh3 , SMH. Sharifi4* 1Depatment of Health , School of Health , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,YAZD, IRAN 2Depatment of Health , School of Health , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,YAZD, IRAN 3Depatment of Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,YAZD, IRAN 4Student of M.Sc Environmental Health Enginiering , international branch , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,YAZD, IRAN ( Responder) Introduction: benzene, toluene , ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) such as volatile organic compounds and air pollutants are important that have similar chemical and physical properties. The compounds in solvents, petrochemicals and colors plentiful and are released and even in small amounts as well as the risks to industry employees and the surrounding residential areas along their industry (50 meters radius around). The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of these pollutants in ambient air car paint workshops, as well as residential areas around the city of Yazd. Materials and Methods: In this study, environmental air from air painting workshops Yazd city cars in winter 1394 and residential areas surrounding air workshop by Tedlar bags and personal sampling pump were collected and using gas chromatography (GC / FID) analysis and evaluation of data were then with statistical software SPSS-16 were analyzed. Results: The results showed that the average concentration and standard deviation of pollutants benzene, toluene , ethyl benzene and xylene in the ambient air painting workshops are (2/14 ± 0/73) , (4/09 ± 1/97), (1/08 ± 0/290) and (3/05 ± 1/00) ppm  and the average concentration and standard deviation of pollutants benzene, toluene , ethyl benzene and xylene in the surrounding air workshops (50 meters radius around) in Yazd city car are (0/960 ± 0/202 )  , (1/50 ± 0/409) , (0/613 ± 0/420) and (1/38 ± 0/452) ppm. Conclusion: The concentration of benzene in the air of car painting workshops is several times higher than the standard limit expressed by the Office of Environmental Health Risk Assessment health Vocational and Technical Committee (0/5 ppm) and the average concentration of pollutants in the air of 50 meters radius around the workshop is more than the permitted standard while concentrations of toluene , ethyl benzene and xylene are less than the limit

The Study of Oxidized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Efficiency in Lead Removing from Aqueous Solutions

Introduction: Carbon nano tubes are products which have the ability to remove some contaminants from aqueous solutions and wastewater. The efficiency of these products depends on different factors such as PH, concentration, contact, mixing time, etc. in this research the efficiency of oxidized multi- walled carbon nanotubes is studied. Methods: The study is Experimental. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were oxidized and Three PH 4, 7 and 10 and contact times 5, 10 and 40 min, and the concentrations of 50, 100 and 125 mg of carbon nanotubes from aqueous Pb removal efficiency were examined.All of the tests were done according to the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater book 21th edited..Real samples of drinking water was the village of Ebrahim Abad RazaviSirjan. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software version 16 Results: By Simultaneous changes in time and PH was changed the efficiency of lead removal by the oxidized multi- walled carbon nanotubes. The most important factor in increasing the efficiency of removal, using acidic PH (PH =4) is. With a Simultaneous increase in contact time and concentration of nanotubes, the removal efficiency increased. In optimal conditions, 125 mg of nanotube concentration, contact time of 10 minutes and PH=4 removal of lead in synthetic samples and real samples, respectively, 99.1 and 94% were achieved. In total there is little difference between the real conditions and the synthetic conditions of the removal efficiency that this difference arises from the interaction of cations, anions and heavy metals in real samples. Conclusion: Oxidized multi-walled Carbon nanotubes has a high capacity for the removal of lead from aqueous solutions

Application of the Photocatalytic Process of Ag-ZnO / UV-C for the Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid In Aqueous Aolutions

Introduction: A variety of pesticides is used to combat weeds. Check-resistant residues of contaminants in drinking water resources have detrimental effects on human health and on environment. In recent years, advanced oxidation methods o remove toxins from the environment, particularly the aquatic environment is further considered. Methods: In this study, samples adding different concentrations (mg/L10, 20, 30) of pesticides were prepared in deionized water. Specimens of the individual phases in a batch reactor with the catalyst (g / L 1 ,2, 3 and, 4), pH (3,5, 7, 9, 11) and contact time (60, 120, 180, 240 min) exposure contacts coupled Ag / ZnO and UV-c was performed. Results: The results showed a reduction in pesticide concentrations (2, 4-D) and increasing the reaction time, the degradation efficiency increases. The highest degradation efficiency was for 240 minutes and the initial concentration of toxin was (2, 4-D) 10 mg/L  to 96 percent. The kinetics of the elimination of toxins (2, 4-D) by the process of photocatalytic Ag / ZnO in the presence of UV-C light corresponded to the pseudo first. CONCLUSION: The most effective degradation of toxins (2, 4-D) by the process of photocatalytic Ag / ZnO under conditions of neutral pH and with increasing reaction time and reduce toxin concentrations (2, 4-D) is the result

Evaluation of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles in removal of copper ions from aqueous solution

Abstract Introduction: water source pollutant, result of direct releasing of metal ions to environment, is one of the most important problems in the world. In this study, efficiency of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles in presence of extract tangerine Peel was investigated for removal of copper ions in the solution. Methods: Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by co-perception method using Tangerine Peel extract. The Tangerine Peel extract used to decrease of nanoparticle size and to prevent of particles coagulation. The effect of different parameter includes initial copper concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time and solution pH was investigated on removal of copper. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Results: The results showed that the removal efficiency was increased by increasing of pH and decreased from 88% to 81% by increasing of initial copper concentration from 5 mg/l to 10 mg/l. The most removal percent was 92% when copper concentration was 5 mg/l and adsorbent doze was 0.6 g in 100 ml suspension. Conclusion: The results showed the removal efficiency is depended on to pH. The increase of copper concentration decreased the removal efficiency. Adsorption experimental data were in good accordance with Langmuir isotherm model. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles with extract Tangerine Peel is a good adsorbent for removing of heavy metals from aqueous solution

Evaluations of Effective Factors on Efficiency Zinc Oxides Nanoparticles in Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solution

Introduction: Cadmium is a heavy metal with high toxicity and is best known as a carcinogen element. For protecting human health and environment it is necessary to remove excess Cadmium from industrial wastewater before discharging it to surface and ground water. In this study the efficiency of Zinc Oxides Nanoparticles in Cadmium removal from aqueous solution was evaluated. Methods: This is a laboratory experimental study. Adsorption tests were performed in a batch reactor in a laboratory scale using zinc oxide nanoparticles and the effect of initial cadmium concentrations, adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time on the removal efficiency was studied. Theresidual cadmium concentration in the solutionwas determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy Varian AA20 made in Australia. Finally for designing graphs, we used Excel software. Results: The results indicated that the adsorption process is affected by different parameters such as initial pollutant concentrations, adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time and Cadmiumremoval efficiency increases with increasing adsorbent dose and reaction time and decreases with increasing initial concentration of Cadmium. Therefore, it is observed that by raising the initial Cadmium concentration, the adsorption rate increases. The maximum efficiency of adsorptionin pH=7amounted to 89.6%. Conclusion: It is concluded that Zinc Oxide nanoparticles have proper efficiency in removal of Cadmium from aqueous solutions and can be used in the treatment of wastewater that contains ion Cadmium. However, its efficiency is deeply dependent on ion strength and the interaction of other metals in wastewater

Investigation on Chemical Properties and the Maturation Degree of Vermicompost Obtained from Button Mushroom Production Process Waste

Introduaction: Development of mushroom cultivation in Iran is considered and its production level is reached to Ninety tons per year. About five kg of waste is generated by producing one kilogram of button mushroom which can be refined by using vermicompost technology. This waste can be converted into valuable organic fertilizer and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and reach to sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to convert the button mushroom production process waste to manure and investigate the chemical properties and quality of the fertilizer. Methods: Wastes such as rotten mushroom, spent mushroom compost and peat are generated in cultivation process of Button mushroom that is large amounts of waste, and say it (SMC). In this study, SMC was vermicomposted in optimized process with treatment of wood chips, rotten mushrooms, carrots scum and leaves. Quantitative and qualitative indicators and its changes have been studied during the six weeks and the results achieved were compared with the national standard vermicompost (No. 13724) and its quality was determined in final product. Then by Using SPSS software, Pearson correlation test at a significance level of 0.05 were used to examine the relationship between inorganic materials and changes in other parameters and linear regression test were used to find relationships between one variable and the other variables. Results: The results showed that the Total Organic Carbon (TOC), potassium and total nitrogen in all treatments, increased during the time, however, pH and EC levels decreased during the vermicomposting process. Also significant increase in C/N ratio was observed in all treatments at the end of the six weeks and all the fertilizers were classified as one grade. Conclusion: Results of this research showed that vermicompost process Lead to improvement in indicators of organic fertilizers derived from vermicompost beds and is one of the management suitable methods for workshop wastes of button mushroom production that is a way to achieve sustainable agriculture

Acetaminophen Removal from Aqueous Solutions by TiO2-X photo catalyst

Introduction: Pharmaceutical wastes are in group of emerging contaminants. These materials cannot be removed completely with conventional treatment methods of water and wastewater. Drug and its metabolites, due to the potential risks toxic and toxicity potential to humans and environment should be removed from the water resources. In this study, Acetaminophen photo catalytic removal from aqueous solutions was investigated by X zeolite modified with TiO2 (TiO2/ X zeolite). Methods: This study was experimental and carried out on a laboratory scale. To remove acetaminophen from aqueous solution, TiO2/X zeolite photo-catalyst under UV-C radiation (UV/TiO2-X process) was used. Acetaminophen concentration of soluble was measured using by spectrophotometer UV/Vis in λmax ~ 243nm. The optimal conditions of pH, catalyst dosage, acetaminophen initial concentration and reaction time were determined and also acetaminophen disintegration reaction kinetics was studied by TiO2-X catalyst. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results indicated that maximum removal of acetaminophen(95.45%) was related to 1 mg/L of initial concentration in the neutral pH and a catalyst concentration of 500 mg/L after 75min of start of photo-catalytic reaction. By decreasing concentration of acetaminophen its removal rates will increase. The Acetaminophen degradation kinetic with UV/TiO2-X process followed a pseudo-first order reaction with rate constants of  0.01446 min-1. Conclusion: The Photocatalytic method of UV/TiO2-X to remove acetaminophen from aqueous solutions has a high efficiency and is recommende

Complete Evaluation of Suspended Air Particles and Their Composition in the Central Area of Yazd City

Introduction: Air pollution is one of the problems of the recent century caused by vehicles, industries and other urban activities. The City of Yazd faces air pollution due to its high population, vehicular traffic and industrial places around the city. One of the important parameters of air pollution is suspended air particles that have harmful effects on the health of people, plants and objects. Methods: This research has been carried out by first determining a station in the central area of the city (Shahid Beheshti Square of Yazd). The suspended particles were measured during a five-month period from March to July, 2006. A high volume sampler was used for measuring Total Suspended Particles (TSP). The amount of lead content of TSP was measured in samples by using atomic absorption method. In the next stage, the percentage of organic and inorganic particles in the TSP of all samples was measured by using gravimetric methods and by burning in the oven. Results: The results of this study showed that amount of suspended particles in the city of Yazd is higher than national standard and the general mean average of the suspended particles of air in five months was 233 micrograms per cubic meter. The average concentration of suspended air particles from end of March to August during the five month period was 118, 193, 231, 267and 333, respectively. The average concentration of lead was 0.04 microgram per cubic meter and amount of organic and inorganic particles in TSP was 25.31% and 74.68%, respectively. Conclusion: With respect to the results, the minimum amount of TSP concentration was in March. This could be due to reduction in trading and industrial activities and New Year vacations. In addition, the average monthly TSP increased from March to July; the cause of which could be relative decrease in humidity and increase in temperature. The amount of lead in samples was much less than standard, which could be due to omission of lead from petrol used in the city