Estimating metabolizable energy content (ME) from the digestible proximate analysis, TDN and DE of different classes of feedstuffs for cattle and sheep

International audienc

The association between glutamine repeats in the androgen receptor gene and personality traits in dromedary camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>)

<div><p>Temperament traits such as fearfulness are important as they define an animal’s responses to its environment and handling. The increasing automation of daily tasks and growing population limits contact between camels and humans. Such limitations contribute to fear of humans and changes in physical environment. Monoamine oxidase A (<i>MAOA</i>) and androgen receptor (<i>AR</i>) genes are important candidates associated with mammal personality. In our analysis, <i>MAOA</i> exon 15 showed no polymorphism but a novel polymorphism was seen in the camel <i>AR</i> exon 1; 16, 17, 18, and 19 glutamine repeats were detected. We genotyped 138 camels belonging to four Egyptian breeds: Maghrabi (<i>n</i> = 90), Sudani (<i>n</i> = 15), Somali (<i>n</i> = 23), and Baladi (<i>n</i> = 10) for <i>AR</i>. Out of the 90 genotyped Maghrabi camels, we evaluated responses of 33 and 32 mature females to a novel object and exposure to an unfamiliar person, respectively. <i>AR</i> gene showed a significant association based on the principal component (PC) score, which indicated the fear of human touch, and the PC score indicates fear during interaction with novel objects. Individuals carrying a shorter genotype in homozygote (<i>S/S</i>) were found to be more fearful. Furthermore, we found that Sudani and Somali breeds had a higher frequency of shorter genotype (<i>S/S</i>), which was associated with increased fearfulness. These findings reflect the behavioral tendency and consequently, affect the use of this breed. This is the first report showing the role of <i>AR</i> glutamine repeats influencing a behavioral trait in dromedary camels and leading to inter-breed differences. Fear-related traits reported here are important because camels cope with various types of stresses and fear, resulting from the demands of intensive production systems and racing events. However, further studies, employing functional genomics and linkage analysis are necessary for confirming the relationship between fearfulness and genetic variation.</p></div

Genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 improves glucose homeostasis and is associated with reduced risk of diabetes

), lower fasting glucose, and greater insulin sensitivity. Predicted loss-of-function variants are associated with lower odds of T2D among 32,015 cases and 84,006 controls (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.99, p = 0.041). Functional studies in Angptl4-deficient mice confirm improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 is associated with improved glucose homeostasis and reduced risk of T2D

Genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 improves glucose homeostasis and is associated with reduced risk of diabetes

), lower fasting glucose, and greater insulin sensitivity. Predicted loss-of-function variants are associated with lower odds of T2D among 32,015 cases and 84,006 controls (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.99, p = 0.041). Functional studies in Angptl4-deficient mice confirm improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 is associated with improved glucose homeostasis and reduced risk of T2D